posted 08-03-2023 03:08 PM               

NASA Selects Axiom Space for Fourth Private Astronaut Mission to International Space Station

NASA and Axiom Space have signed a mission order for the fourth private astronaut mission to the International Space Station (ISS), marking the Houston-based company and space industry leader as the only full-service mission provider to carry out end-to-end commercial astronaut missions to the orbiting laboratory.

Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) is targeted to launch no earlier than August 2024 from the agency's Kennedy Space Center in Florida and is expected to spend up to 14 days docked to the space station. The Ax-4 crew members will train with NASA, international partners, and SpaceX for their flight. Axiom Space has contracted SpaceX as launch provider for transportation to and from the space station and to familiarize the private astronauts with systems, procedures, and emergency preparedness for the Dragon spacecraft.

"Our Axiom Space team is looking forward to a fourth mission to the ISS," said Michael Suffredini, CEO and president of Axiom Space. "Each mission allows us to build on the foundation we have set for the world's first commercial space station, Axiom Station, preparing our teams and orbital platform to succeed ISS operations in low-Earth orbit (LEO). These missions are instrumental in expanding commercial space activities and access to space for individuals and nations around the world, as well as developing the knowledge and experience needed to normalize living and working in microgravity."

The first mission order for a private astronaut mission to the ISS was signed by NASA and Axiom Space in May 2021. Axiom Mission 1 (Ax-1), which launched on April 8, 2022, successfully demonstrated Axiom Space's ability to integrate with the ISS program and processes and conduct meaningful research in LEO. In August 2022, a second NASA mission order was signed with Axiom Space for Axiom Mission 2 (Ax-2). Ax-2 successfully launched on May 21, 2023, to include the first female to command a commercial human spaceflight mission, the first Saudi astronauts to live and work on the ISS, and the first Saudi female astronaut to go to space. And just a few months ago, in March 2023, NASA and Axiom Space signed a mission order for a third private astronaut mission, Axiom Mission 3 (Ax-3), which is targeted to launch no earlier than January 2024 from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

Axiom Space's broad range of human spaceflight services include access to training facilities and instructors, hardware and safety certification, and operational on-orbit management. Candidates for flight complete Axiom Space's rigorous training curriculum over many months in preparation to live and conduct meaningful work in space. The expert team at Axiom Space is helping nations and organizations build human spaceflight programs, develop astronaut selection processes, and expand the community of space explorers to a larger and more diverse representation of humanity.

posted 08-04-2024 08:05 PM               

Axiom Space Announces Agreement to Send Indian Astronaut to International Space Station on Ax-4 Mission

Axiom Space signed a historic spaceflight agreement (SFA) with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) of the Republic of India, announcing the intent to fly an Indian astronaut to the International Space Station on Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4).

The signing of this SFA represents a pivotal moment for both the United States and India, exemplifying a shared commitment to expanding collaboration and capabilities, fueling invention and innovation, and inspiring a new generation of space explorers. It is a strategic partnership, symbolizing the spirit of international cooperation in low-Earth orbit (LEO) and the advancement of commercial space activities.

"India's journey through space is filled with incredible achievements," said Matt Ondler, president of Axiom Space. "From the successful Chandrayaan missions to the ambitious Gaganyaan project, India has become a beacon of inspiration in the global space community.

"As space becomes a key arena for commercial and scientific efforts," Ondler added. "India, with its rich history in space exploration and clear leadership in technology and entrepreneurship, will be crucial in shaping the domain and advancing humanity's presence in space. We look forward to working together with ISRO on this next mission."

The Indian astronaut selected to be a part of the Ax-4 crew will focus on scientific research and educational outreach while on orbit.

"Signing of the Space Flight Agreement is a significant milestone toward the goal of mounting a joint ISRO-NASA effort to the International Space Station, as envisioned in the India-USA Joint Statement during the Official State visit of Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi to the United States in June 2023," according to an ISRO statement. "This joint mission will strengthen human spaceflight cooperation between ISRO and NASA and provide opportunities for the Indian scientific community to undertake cutting-edge research experiments on board the ISS."

Ken Bowersox, associate administrator of NASA's Space Operations Mission Directorate, stated, "Through NASA's efforts, we are opening space to more nations, more people, and more opportunities than ever before and look forward to welcoming the first ISRO astronaut to the International Space Station. The space station continues to serve as humanity's home in microgravity where we are advancing human spaceflight, enabling science, and improving life on Earth for the benefit of humanity."

The name of the Indian astronaut assigned to Ax-4 will be announced upon the astronaut's arrival in Houston for initial training.

As Axiom Space continues to lead the way in commercial space exploration, its partnership with India underscores the company's ongoing efforts to expand access to space for countries, institutions, industries, and individuals with innovative ideas fueling an economy beyond Earth.

posted 08-05-2024 07:57 AM               

Axiom Mission 4 to ISS will include India, Poland, Hungary

Astronaut Peggy Whitson to be mission commander

Axiom Space officially announced today that it is partnering with India, through the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Poland, with European Space Agency (ESA) support, and Hungary to send three national astronauts to the space station on Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4), the company's next commercial human spaceflight mission to the orbiting laboratory.

The Ax-4 crewmembers arrived in Houston today to begin training with Axiom Space, NASA, and SpaceX.

The crew assigned to Ax-4 includes Commander Peggy Whitson, Mission Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla of India, Mission Specialist Sławosz Uznański of ESA/Poland, and Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu of Hungary. The assigned crewmembers are pending approval to fly to the International Space Station by the Multilateral Crew Operations Panel (MCOP). MCOP decisions are made in consensus by representatives from all five-space station international partners: NASA, ESA, Roscosmos, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency.

"Ax-4 represents Axiom Space's continued efforts to build opportunity for countries to research, innovate, test, and engage with people around the world while in low-Earth orbit," said Michael Suffredini, CEO of Axiom Space. "This mission broadens horizons for nations with ambitious goals of advancing scientific, technological, and economic pursuits. Our collaboration with ESA for a second time and the inclusion of Hungary and India underscores Axiom Space's ability to cultivate global partners, expand the scope of exploration, and open up new avenues to grow a global space economy."

The mission will place significant emphasis on scientific research, technology demonstrations, and the commercialization of space. Additionally, the mission aims to foster cooperation by sharing knowledge, resources, and opportunities with our partners, solidifying these nations as leaders within the growing space community.

"I look forward to commanding my second commercial human spaceflight mission with Axiom Space," said Peggy Whitson, Ax-4 commander. "With a culturally diverse crew, we are not only advancing scientific knowledge but also fostering international collaboration. Our previous missions set the stage. Axiom Mission 1 was the first all-private mission to the space station, Axiom Mission 2 launched the first Saudi female to space, and Axiom Mission 3 included both the first Turkish astronaut and first ESA astronaut to fly on a commercial space mission. Now, with Ax-4, we ascend even higher, bringing even more nations to low-Earth orbit and expanding humanity's reach among the stars."

Ax-4 will launch to the orbiting laboratory aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft from Florida, and the crew is expected to spend up to 14 days on the space station.

Of note, Ax-4 will be the second Axiom Space mission to include an ESA astronaut. Marcus Wandt became ESA's first-ever project astronaut on Ax-3 and the second ESA astronaut of Swedish nationality to travel to the space station. During Ax-4, Axiom Space will continue to build on its partnership with ESA by sending a Polish astronaut to space for the first time in more than 40 years.

Additionally, in July 2022, Axiom Space and the Hungarian government's Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to further the Hungarian to Orbit (HUNOR) program, Hungary's astronaut program, and advance opportunities in space research and technology development. Building on that MOU, in Sept. 2023, Axiom Space signed a spaceflight framework agreement (SFA) with the Ministry to facilitate the launch of a Hungarian astronaut.

Most recently, in July, Axiom Space signed an SFA with ISRO. This is a significant milestone toward India's goal of mounting a joint ISRO-NASA effort on board the International Space Station.

posted 01-29-2025 04:14 PM               

NASA, Partners to Welcome Fourth Axiom Space Mission to Space Station

NASA and its international partners have approved the crew for Axiom Space's fourth private astronaut mission to the International Space Station, launching from the agency's Kennedy Space Center in Florida no earlier than spring 2025.

Above: The Axiom Mission 4, or Ax-4, crew will launch aboard a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft to the International Space Station from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida no earlier than Spring 2025. From left to right: Tibor Kapu of Hungary, ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla, former NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson, and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski of Poland. (SpaceX)

Peggy Whitson, former NASA astronaut and director of human spaceflight at Axiom Space, will command the commercial mission, while ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) astronaut Shubhanshu Shukla will serve as pilot. The two mission specialists are ESA (European Space Agency) project astronaut Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski of Poland and Tibor Kapu of Hungary.

"I am excited to see continued interest and dedication for the private astronaut missions aboard the International Space Station," said Dana Weigel, manager of NASA's International Space Station Program at the agency's Johnson Space Center in Houston. "As NASA looks toward the future of low Earth orbit, private astronaut missions help pave the way and expand access to the unique microgravity environment."

The Axiom Mission 4, or Ax-4, crew will launch aboard a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft and travel to the space station. Once docked, the private astronauts plan to spend up to 14 days aboard the orbiting laboratory, conducting a mission comprised of science, outreach, and commercial activities. The mission will send the first ISRO astronaut to the station as part of a joint effort between NASA and the Indian space agency. The private mission also carries the first astronauts from Poland and Hungary to stay aboard the space station.

"Working with the talented and diverse Ax-4 crew has been a deeply rewarding experience," said Whitson. "Witnessing their selfless dedication and commitment to expanding horizons and creating opportunities for their nations in space exploration is truly remarkable. Each crew member brings unique strengths and perspectives, making our mission not just a scientific endeavor, but a testament to human ingenuity and teamwork. The importance of our mission is about pushing the limits of what we can achieve together and inspiring future generations to dream bigger and reach farther."

posted 04-03-2025 09:19 AM               

Ax-4 to Set Record for Most Research Activities Conducted During Axiom Space Mission

Axiom Space revealed today new details about the scientific research and technology demonstrations set to fly on Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) to the International Space Station no earlier than May 2025.

The Ax-4 research complement includes around 60 scientific studies and activities representing 31 countries, including the U.S., India, Poland, Hungary, Saudi Arabia, Brazil, Nigeria, UAE, and nations across Europe. This will be the most research and science-related activities conducted on an Axiom Space mission aboard the International Space Station to date, underscoring the mission's global significance and collaborative nature to advance microgravity research in low-Earth orbit (LEO).

Unique to this mission is a strong focus on scientific portfolios led by countries represented on the Ax-4 mission, including the U.S., India, Poland in partnership with the European Space Agency (ESA), and Hungary. The mission is set to enhance in-country participation in these countries by engaging a broad spectrum of stakeholders. This effort aims to showcase the value and opportunities in microgravity research, fostering international collaboration and scientific advancement. The studies will contribute to the global knowledge base in human research, Earth observation, and life, biological, and material sciences, showcasing the space research capabilities of the crew's home nations.

In addition, Axiom Space is teaming up with research organizations and academic institutions to delve deeper into the effects of spaceflight on the human body and to explore how space-based research can improve health and medical treatments on Earth. Ax-4 emphasizes the importance of commercial and academic partnerships, as Axiom Space leads the creation of a global research community and sustainable economic ecosystem in LEO. This mission also lays the groundwork for Axiom Station, the first commercial space station, which will offer a permanent platform for research, manufacturing, and human spaceflight.

The Ax-4 crewmembers are Commander Peggy Whitson of the U.S., Mission Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla of India, Mission Specialist Sławosz Uznański- Wiśniewski of ESA/Poland, and Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu of Hungary.

A SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket will launch the Ax-4 crew aboard a Dragon spacecraft to the space station no earlier than May 2025 in Florida.

Ax-4 Mission Research Overview 

Axiom Space

Axiom Space is leading a diverse array of research initiatives to advance scientific understanding of microgravity's effects and better understand astronaut health and performance during space missions. These projects cover a wide range of topics, including medical support for diabetic astronauts, the effects of microgravity on the brain and body, and the collection of vital health data. The research also delves into the impact of space travel on joints, blood flow, stem cells, cancer growth, and radiation exposure. By addressing these critical areas, Axiom Space aims to enhance the overall well-being and readiness of astronauts for future missions and translate findings into benefits for Earth-based research.

Research studies will focus on:

• Researching how to support astronauts with insulin-dependent diabetes during short-duration missions in microgravity.
  
• Examining microgravity's impact on the brain and cognitive risks.
  
• Collecting physiological and psychological data from astronauts to understand how humans adapt to space.
  
• Studying the effects of short spaceflights on joints and blood flow.
  
• Assessing astronaut 'readiness' using a wearable device, iPhone software, and AWS Snowcone analytics.
  
• Developing infrastructure for wearable device data processing during the Ax-4 mission.
  
• Investigating cancer growth in space, focusing on triple-negative breast cancer.
  
• Understanding the effects on blood stem cells during spaceflight.

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)

The ISRO-led research, in collaboration with NASA and ESA, focuses on advancing microgravity research aboard the International Space Station to enhance our understanding of biological processes in microgravity and develop strategies for long-duration space missions. The scientific experiments are set to drive significant advancements in space science and technology while also inspiring the next generation of Indian scientists and engineers. Ax-4 strengthens India's presence in space and promotes the country's dedication to contributing to global scientific progress.

Research studies will focus on:

• Investigating physical and cognitive impact of computer screens in microgravity.
  
• Studying growth, metabolism, and genetics of three microalgae strains in microgravity vs. ground.
  
• Comparing growth, cellular responses, and biochemistry of two cyanobacteria strains in microgravity.
  
• Identifying pathways of skeletal muscle dysfunction in microgravity and exploring therapies.
  
• Investigating the impacts of spaceflight on germination and growth of crop seeds.
  
• Examining spaceflight impacts on six crop seed varieties.
  
• Identifying molecular mechanisms of resilience in extreme environments.

European Space Agency (ESA)/Poland Research

Supported by the Polish government and ESA, Ax-4 features comprehensive scientific research and technology demonstrations. The research focuses on various experiments the Polish space industry proposed and developed under ESA's guidance. These experiments aim to advance our understanding of space-related challenges and contribute to future space exploration efforts. The Ax-4 mission represents a significant step forward for Poland's space ambitions and highlights the importance of international collaboration in advancing space science.

Research studies will focus on:

• Studying astronauts' mental and behavioral health on the International Space Station.
  
• Monitoring bone loss upon re-entry after space missions.
  
• Examining bone markers to predict recovery behavior.
  
• Evaluating neurofeedback for stress reduction and performance.
  
• Investigating gut microbiome changes during short-term space stays.
  
• Examining immune cell adaptation to microgravity.
  
• Monitoring astronauts' soft tissue health during missions.
  
• Exploring muscle electrical stimulation to protect muscle mass in microgravity.
  
• Using brain imaging technology to develop a human-computer interface in microgravity.
  
• Testing methods to extend pharmaceutical shelf-life in space.
  
• Testing an acoustic monitor on the International Space Station.
  
• Advancing onboard data processing for space and Earth applications.
  
• Measuring space radiation levels with a monitor in the Columbus module.
  
• Assessing six wearable biomonitor devices for function and stability in space.
  
• Investigating red microalgae for long-duration space missions.
  
• Investigating a tardigrade gene in yeast for microgravity protection.

Hugarian to Orbit (HUNOR) Program Research

The HUNOR research on the Ax-4 mission encompasses a range of scientific experiments designed to enhance our knowledge of space and its impacts on humans and materials. These studies aim to provide valuable insights for space exploration and potential Earth-based applications.

Research studies will focus on:

• Examining how space conditions affect human bacterial, viral, and fungal microbiomes.
  
• Investigating microgravity's effect on cognitive function and motor skills.
  
• Demonstrating the application of nanofibrous eye inserts in microgravity.
  
• Examining low-melting point metal behavior for next-generation ion-jet propulsion systems.
  
• Monitoring crew radiation exposure and environmental conditions with a personal dosimetry device.
  
• Mimicking planet-scale atmospheric dynamics with a novel way of spinning a water sphere in microgravity.
  
• Investigating how fruit flies fight radiation-induced DNA damage with enhanced biochemical processes.
  
• Studying plant germination, microgreen production, and leaf development.
  
• Examining microfluidic drug testing chips in space.
  
• Studying associative learning and visual processing in space.
  
• Examining changes in cardiovascular and balancing systems.
  
• Understanding cerebral blood flow adaptation to spaceflight.
  
• Validating clothing heat transfer simulation in different gravity environments for improved astronaut thermal comfort.
  
• Testing precise position tracking with standard inertial sensors in space.
  
• Exploring spaceflight effects on 3D printed materials.
  
• Studying upper atmospheric thunderstorms.
  
• Demonstrating gravitational curiosities during a joint physics class with students from across Hungary.

Find more information on Ax-4 research here.

posted 06-25-2025 02:13 AM               

Axiom 4 launch sees first Indian, Pole and Hungarian enter space in 40+ years

Astronauts from India, Poland and Hungary have embarked on a two-week science research mission, marking a "return to human spaceflight" for each of their countries after more than 40 years.

Shubhanshu "Shuks" Shukla with the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), Sławosz "Suave" Uznański-Wiśniewski with the European Space Agency (ESA) and Tibor Kapu of the Hungarian to Orbit (HUNOR) astronaut program launched on Wednesday (June 25) with former NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson on Axiom Space's fourth commercial mission to the International Space Station.

The four Ax-4 crewmates are aboard the inaugural flight of SpaceX's fifth and, as planned now, last to be built Crew Dragon spacecraft. The capsule lifted off at 2:31 a.m. EDT (0631 GMT) on a Falcon 9 rocket from Launch Complex 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

posted 06-25-2025 06:00 AM               

With 'Grace': Astronauts name SpaceX's final Dragon crew capsule

The last Dragon spacecraft that SpaceX plans to build entered orbit for the first time with "grace."

Taking flight on Wednesday (June 25) from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, the capsule lifted off with Axiom Space's fourth crew to visit the International Space Station. Ax-4 commander Peggy Whitson revealed the spacecraft's name just as it separated from its rocket's upper stage to begin its maiden mission.

posted 06-26-2025 09:11 AM               

Ax-4 Mission | In-Flight Update

posted 06-26-2025 09:20 AM               

Axiom Space Celebrates Arrival of Ax-4 crew to International Space Station

The Axiom Mission4 (Ax-4) crew has successfully reached their destination and will begin their planned 14-day mission on the International Space Station. After seamlessly docking to the orbiting laboratory, Ax-4 Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla, Mission Specialist Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski, and Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu entered the space station at 8:23 a.m. EDT.

Soon after the Ax-4 astronauts entered the space station, they celebrated their arrival along with NASA's Expedition Crew during the welcome ceremony. Commander Whitson presented her crewmates with their official astronaut pins and orbital flight numbers, declaring Shukla to be the 634th, Uznański-Wiśniewski the 635th, and Kapu to be the 636th astronaut to orbit Earth.

The Ax-4 astronauts embarked on their journey to space aboard a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft atop a Falcon 9 rocket at 3:21 a.m. ET on June 25 from Launch Complex 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

During their time aboard the space station, the Ax-4 crew will conduct a diverse array of over 60 experiments spanning various fields of biology and technology. These endeavors aim to propel advancements in human spaceflight and contribute to enhancing life on our home planet. Ax-4 stands as the fourth among multiple proposed Axiom Space human spaceflight missions, laying the groundwork for Axiom Station, which is set to become the world's first commercial space station.

posted 06-26-2025 07:16 PM               

Ax-4 Mission Update: Flight Day #2

Today Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla "Shux," Mission Specialist Sławosz "Suave" Uznański-Wiśniewski, and Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu entered the International Space Station around 8:14 a.m. ET after docking to the Harmony module at 6:31 a.m. ET, soaring high above the North Atlantic. Following around 28 hours of phasing, today officially marks the crew's second flight day and first day aboard the space station after launching at 2:31 a.m. ET on June 25 from Launch Complex 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida.

A few hours before docking to the space station, the crew conducted an in-flight event in the new Dragon spacecraft named "Grace," and their fifth crewmember "Joy", the Ax-4 zero-g indicator, made its debut in microgravity. Shux, Suave, and Tibor had an opportunity to share their thoughts about being in space for the first time. They were excited to share with the world an incredible view of the Earth while flying over Europe. The astronauts are happy, healthy, and eager to begin a full slate of microgravity research, technology demonstrations, and outreach engagements.

Soon after entering the orbiting laboratory, the Ax-4 astronauts were warmly greeted by the Expedition 73 crewmembers and celebrated their arrival during the welcome ceremony. Peggy presented her crewmates with their official astronaut pins and orbital flight numbers: Shukla as the 634th, Uznański-Wiśniewski the 635th, and Kapu the 636th human to orbit Earth.

The Ax-4 crew spent the rest of the day settling in. They set up their sleeping quarters — with Peggy located in the Airlock, Shux in Dragon, Suave in Columbus, and Tibor in the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM). They completed handover activities with the Expedition 73 crew and began acclimating to life in microgravity. Key operational tasks were also completed, including unpacking cargo in Dragon and reviewing emergency protocols.

Over the next 14 days, the Ax-4 crew will carry out around 60 scientific studies and activities representing 31 countries. This marks the most research-intensive mission Axiom Space has conducted aboard the space station, highlighting the mission's global collaboration and commitment to advancing science in low-Earth orbit.

In addition to their research, the crew will engage in media, educational, and outreach activities to share their journey and inspire future generations of explorers.

Before diving into their busy schedules, the Ax-4 crew will spend the next day acclimating and completing other operational tasks as the newest residents aboard the International Space Station.

posted 06-28-2025 09:12 PM               

Ax-4 Mission Update: Flight Day #3

Today (June 27), Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla "Shux," Mission Specialist Sławosz "Suave" Uznański-Wiśniewski, and Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu completed their first full day aboard the International Space Station, marking the end of flight day three.

Above: Ax-4 Mission Specialist Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski during his first full day aboard the International Space Station. (Axiom Space)

As they continued adjusting to life in microgravity, the crew focused on integration with the resident Expedition 73 crew. Together, they completed training on handover protocols and emergency procedures, ensuring seamless coordination.

The crew transferred high-priority cargo and emergency equipment between Dragon and the space station. This included payloads, essential supplies, and safety gear, all carefully logged and stowed for operations.

The Ax-4 astronauts also began preparing for their research studies. They initiated setup for several experiments and began transferring samples to designated modules.

Looking ahead to tomorrow, the crew will continue finalizing setup for research and technology demonstrations.

posted 06-28-2025 09:15 PM               

Ax-4 Mission Update: Flight Day #4

Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla "Shux," Mission Specialist Sławosz "Suave" Uznański-Wiśniewski, and Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu are now fully immersed in their mission aboard the International Space Station, wrapping up their second day on orbit with a schedule full of scientific research and international outreach.

Above: Ax-4 Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu and JAXA astronaut Takuya Onishi worked together on transferring refrigerated samples for Ax-4 research studies. (JAXA/Takuya Onishi)

The Ax-4 crew has transitioned smoothly from arrival protocols to hands-on research. With microgravity acclimation behind them, the crew is now diving into a diverse portfolio of experiments that could shape the future of medicine, agriculture, and space exploration.

Research

Peggy led the charge today with work on the Cancer in LEO-3 investigation. Building on previous Axiom Space missions, this study focuses on how cancer cells behave in microgravity. Specifically, it examines tumor organoids and how a new model of triple-negative breast cancer responds to drug treatments in space. The goal? To validate earlier findings and potentially unlock new therapeutic strategies that could benefit patients on Earth and astronauts on long-duration missions.

Shux spent time in the Life Sciences Glovebox (LSG) working on the Myogenesis experiment. This study aims to uncover the biological pathways behind skeletal muscle degradation in space—a major challenge for astronauts. By identifying these mechanisms, researchers hope to develop targeted therapies that could not only protect space travelers but also aid people suffering from muscle-degenerative diseases on Earth.

Tibor deployed the Rad Nano Dosimeter, a compact device designed to monitor radiation exposure aboard the space station. Understanding how radiation affects the human body in space is critical for planning future missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. The data collected could also enhance Earth-based radiation monitoring technologies, benefiting industries from healthcare to environmental science.

Tibor began setting up the Vitapric investigation. This plant biology experiment explores how plant growth primers affect the development of microgreens in space. The goal is to enhance the nutritional value of space-grown crops—boosting vitamins, proteins, and minerals—to support sustainable food production for future long-duration missions.

In addition, the crew initiated the Cerebral Hemodynamics study, completing the first session after installing the necessary software. Using ultrasound technology, this research explores how blood circulates in the brain under microgravity conditions. The findings could improve our understanding of cardiovascular adaptation in space and inform medical diagnostics and treatments for conditions like stroke and hypertension on Earth.

Outreach

Shux also took part in a historic outreach event by speaking with Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The conversation highlighted the growing global collaboration in space exploration and inspired audiences back on Earth. Tomorrow, Tibor will do a live call with Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán at 6:15 a.m. CDT.

Finally, Peggy and Suave are preparing to join Axiom Space Chief Scientist Dr. Lucie Low for a special discussion on space radiation. They'll talk about the radiation research being conducted during Ax-4 and how it could help protect astronauts on future deep space missions.

posted 06-29-2025 05:13 PM               

Ax-4 Mission Update: Flight Day #5

The crew of Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) — Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu “Shux” Shukla, and Mission Specialists Sławosz “Suave” Uznański-Wiśniewski and Tibor Kapu — wrapped up an action-packed third day aboard the International Space Station, diving deeper into the diverse research studies and global outreach efforts.

Above: Ax-4 Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla and Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu enjoys views of Earth from the cupola. (Axiom Space)

The Ax-4 crew has transitioned smoothly from arrival protocols to hands-on research. With microgravity acclimation behind them, the crew is now diving into a diverse portfolio of experiments that could shape the future of medicine, agriculture, and space exploration.

Research

Peggy continued working on the Cancer in LEO investigation by capturing imaging samples that could unlock new insights into how cancer behaves under the unique stressors of microgravity. This research, in collaboration with the Sanford Stem Cell Institute, could pave the way for cancer treatments back on Earth — especially for aggressive, metastatic cancers.

She also turned her lens toward creativity, photographing student hardware, science experiments, and artwork for the Saudi Space Agency’s Microgravity Challenge. With over 80,000 submissions from young minds across the Arab region, this competition encouraged innovation in arts, agriculture, and engineering, and aims to ignite a passion for space science.

Shux focused on the space microalgae experiment, deploying sample bags and capturing images of the algae strains. These tiny organisms could play a big role in the future of space exploration, offering a sustainable, nutrient-rich food source for long-duration missions.

The crew also collected data for the Neuro Motion VR project, where astronauts don VR headsets and perform attention-based tasks while their brain activity is monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). This research explores how microgravity affects cognitive and motor functions, which could provide valuable insight for future deep space missions.

Data was also gathered for the Telemetric Health AI study, which integrates biometric data with mission analytics to better understand how spaceflight impacts cardiovascular and balance systems. By applying advanced data science techniques, this project could lead to smarter, real-time health monitoring — both on orbit and on Earth.

Suave contributed to the Microfluidic Design experiment, using the Keyence Research Microscope Testbed (KERMIT) imaging to study fluid dynamics in microgravity. The goal of this study is to develop microfluidic devices that can test drug stability and quality — a vital step toward autonomous healthcare in space.

Outreach

Tibor had a special moment connecting with Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán. Peggy and Suave engaged in a conversation with Axiom Space Chief Scientist Dr. Lucie Low about the ongoing efforts to protect astronauts from space radiation.

And there’s more to come — tomorrow at 11:20 a.m. CT, Tibor will speak live with journalists from Hungary to share his experiences aboard the space station.

Additionally, Peggy and Tibor will join together to record the first mission update on how the crew has settled into life on the space station and what efforts are currently underway.

posted 07-01-2025 02:23 PM               

Beyond the Shield: Tackling Space Radiation on Ax-4

Space radiation is one of the most formidable challenges when it comes to human spaceflight. During Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4), this topic was brought front and center during an on-orbit event with Axiom Space Chief Scientist Dr. Lucie Low, Ax-4 Commander Peggy Whitson, and Mission Specialist Sławosz “Suave” Uznański-Wiśniewski, who was previously a CERN engineer. They explored how radiation affects both astronauts and the technology that supports them, and how the mission is helping advance solutions for space exploration.

Radiation in space comes from high-energy particles emitted by the Sun and distant cosmic sources. While Earth’s atmosphere and magnetic field offer protection, astronauts in low-Earth orbit and beyond face much higher exposure. This radiation can damage DNA, increase cancer risk, impair cognitive function, and affect the cardiovascular system, posing serious risks for long-duration missions to the Moon and Mars.

So how do we protect astronauts? Axiom Space has been tackling this question since the first private astronaut mission to the International Space Station. On Axiom Mission 1, the crew tested a radiation-shielding vest designed to protect vital organs while remaining comfortable and unobtrusive. Axiom Mission 2 introduced a hydrogen-rich polymer to evaluate its effectiveness in blocking harmful particles. Axiom Mission 3 explored advanced shielding materials that could be used in future spacecraft and suits. Now, on Ax-4, the crew is testing commercial dosimeters. One study, the RadMon-on-ISS study, led by Polish researchers, focuses on developing scalable radiation sensors for real-time monitoring, aiming to improve models of the space radiation environment and enhance the reliability of future space systems. Another project, from the Hungarian to Orbit Program, Rad Nano Dosimeter monitors crew radiation exposure and environmental conditions during the Ax-4 mission via miniaturized devices designed for everyday personal wear.

As humanity prepares for deep space exploration, Axiom Space missions are laying the foundation for safer, more resilient missions. From wearable sensors to advanced shielding and real-time monitoring, the innovations being tested today are shaping the future of human spaceflight.

posted 07-01-2025 02:24 PM               

Ax-4 Mission Update: Flight Day #6

Day four aboard the International Space Station brought continued momentum for the Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) crew. Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu "Shux" Shukla, and Mission Specialists Sławosz "Suave" Uznański-Wiśniewski and Tibor Kapu continued their full schedule of scientific research and outreach activities. From biomedical experiments to advanced technology demonstrations, the crew is making steady progress on mission objectives while sharing their journey with audiences around the world.

Above: Ax-4 Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu takes a selfie with Commander Peggy Whitson and Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla while they enjoy a meal aboard the International Space Station. (Axiom Space)

Research

Peggy continued working on the Cancer in LEO study by capturing tumor organoid images in microgravity, helping researchers understand how cancer behaves in space. In partnership with the Sanford Stem Cell Institute and Axiom Space, this work is supporting the development of Rebecsinib — a drug that has outperformed existing treatments in space-based tests. Now under FDA-approved Investigational New Drug (IND) status, Rebecsinib is moving into clinical trials, marking a major step toward new therapies for aggressive cancers on Earth.

Shux performed operations in the Life Sciences Glovebox (LSG) for the myogenesis study, which could uncover how microgravity contributes to muscle loss. By identifying the molecular pathways behind skeletal muscle dysfunction, the research could lead to targeted therapies to prevent atrophy during long-duration spaceflight. These insights may also translate to improved treatments for muscle-wasting conditions on Earth, including those linked to aging and immobility.

Tibor continued work with the Rad Nano Dosimeter, tracking radiation exposure and environmental conditions aboard the space station. These measurements are vital for protecting crew health during space missions. The data collected not only informs better shielding strategies for future exploration but also contributes to advancements in radiation monitoring and environmental sensing technologies on Earth.

An ultrasound scan was conducted as part of the Telemetric Health AI study, which merges biometric data with mission analytics to better understand how spaceflight affects cardiovascular and balance systems. Using advanced data science, the project aims to enable smarter, real-time health monitoring for astronauts with potential applications for remote health care on Earth.

The crew took part in an experiment to help develop a brain-computer interface using a specialized headset that can indirectly assess neural function through tracking blood flow. As part of the PhotonGrav project, this neural tech is aiming to monitor brain signals to explore how humans might one day control computer systems with just their thoughts. For future space missions, this kind of interface could streamline how astronauts interact with spacecraft systems, especially in high-stress or hands-free scenarios. Back on Earth, the same technology could advance neurorehabilitation and assistive devices, offering new hope for people with mobility or communication challenges.

Tibor worked on the VITAPRIC investigation, a study focused on growing nutrient-rich microgreens in space. This experiment explores how plants germinate and develop in microgravity, with a special focus on how low levels of selenium affect the production of essential nutrients like vitamins, proteins, and minerals. The goal is to unlock new ways of growing fresh, nutritious food during long-duration space missions. The findings from VITAPRIC could also revolutionize agriculture here on Earth, especially in urban areas or regions with limited resources.

Finally, the crew documented activities for the Astronaut Mental Health study, contributing to research on cognitive well-being in space. This project can benefit others on Earth by developing remote technologies for diagnosing and treating mental disorders, particularly for individuals in isolated or challenging environments where access to mental health care is limited.

Outreach

Today, Tibor connected with journalists from Hungary, offering a firsthand look at life aboard the International Space Station and sharing insights from his experience so far.

Tomorrow, Peggy will reunite with her Axiom Mission 2 crewmate, Mission Specialist Rayyanah Barnawi, for a conversation about Barnawi's BioGravity initiative. They'll be joined by student winners of the Madak competition for a special Q&A session.

Peggy will also speak with aspiring female astronauts from Mexico, Spain, Germany, and the UK to celebrate and discuss the next generation of women in space and the bold futures they're helping to shape.

Yesterday, Axiom Space Chief Scientist Dr. Lucie Low joined Peggy and Suave for a discussion on radiation and how the mission is helping advance solutions for space exploration.

posted 07-01-2025 08:48 PM               

Ax-4 Mission Update: Flight Day #7

On their fifth day aboard the International Space Station, the Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) crew remained immersed in their fast-paced research schedule, diving deeper into experiments that could shape the future of spaceflight and medicine. Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu "Shux" Shukla, and Mission Specialists Sławosz "Suave" Uznański-Wiśniewski and Tibor Kapu continued accomplishing research objectives—from imaging tumor organoids and monitoring cerebral blood flow to examining microorganism growth and studying fruit flies in microgravity.

Alongside their scientific work, the crew remains actively engaged with global audiences through live outreach events and science, technology, education, art, and mathematics (STEAM) demonstrations, offering a window into life and discovery

Above: Ax-4 Mission Specialist Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski seen with the Space Volcanic Algae payload aboard the International Space Station. (Axiom Space)

Research

Peggy spent another day focusing on the Cancer in LEO study by capturing detailed images of 3D tumor organoids grown in microgravity. These miniature tumor models help scientists investigate how cancer cells behave and grow in space—insights that could lead to breakthroughs in cancer treatment for multiple cancer types on Earth.

Crew gathered data for the Voyager Displays project, which looks at how spaceflight affects eye movement, gaze control, and pointing accuracy. By linking these physical responses with stress and cognitive load, the study could help engineers design more intuitive spacecraft interfaces for future missions.

Shux documented the cyanobacteria growth experiment, led by the Indian Space Research Organisation. This study compares two strains of photosynthetic bacteria to see how they grow and function in microgravity. These microbes could one day play a key role in future life support systems, helping recycle air and water on long-duration missions.

Shux also deployed and stowed samples for the Space Micro Algae investigation. In this experiment, three strains of microalgae are being grown, and the impact of microgravity on the growth, metabolism, and genetic activity will later be compared to algae grown on the ground. Microalgae are potentially useful organisms for future spaceflight that could be used as food, fuel, or even used in life support systems.

Suave conducted a technology demonstration for the Wireless Acoustics project, which is evaluates a commercially available wearable acoustic monitor. The device is designed to track ambient sound levels during daily activities and will be compared to a stationary sound level meter to assess accuracy, comfort, and user experience. This study could determine whether the wearable system offers improvements over legacy sound monitoring tools and help shape the design of future spacecraft.

Tibor donned and doffed the Rad Nano Dosimeter, a compact device designed to monitor radiation exposure and environmental conditions aboard the space station. These real-time measurements are important for safeguarding astronaut health, especially as we prepare for longer missions beyond low-Earth orbit. The data will help refine shielding strategies for future spacecraft and could improve radiation detection technologies back on Earth.

Tibor completed the final seed installation for the VITAPRIC experiment, which is testing the growth of radish and wheat microgreens in microgravity. These nutrient-dense plants could become a useful source of fresh food on long-duration missions. Beyond space, the research may support new agricultural techniques for growing healthy crops in urban environments or areas with limited resources.

Tibor also conducted the first inspection for the Fruit Fly DNA Repair experiment. This study will examine how space radiation impacts DNA in both adult fruit flies and larvae. Researchers are particularly interested in later investigating whether temporarily boosting certain DNA-repair enzymes can protect against radiation-induced damage. The findings could lead to new biological countermeasures to protect human DNA during deep space missions.

The ENPERCHAR experiment was performed to assess how microgravity affects human perception and environmental awareness. By analyzing how astronauts perform tasks and interact with their surroundings, researchers hope to better understand how spaceflight alters spatial orientation and psychological connection to the environment—key insights for designing future habitats and work areas in space.

The Ax-4 crew finished the second session of the Cerebral Hemodynamics study, using ultrasound technology to monitor blood flow in the brain under microgravity conditions. This research is key to understanding how the cardiovascular system adapts to spaceflight and could lead to better diagnostic tools for heart and brain health.

STEAM Engagements

Tibor completed recordings for space-based educational outreach, known as the CORVUS Project. Designed to engage learners of all ages, this program features hands-on educational experiments and personal insights into daily life aboard the orbiting laboratory, showing how space research benefits life on Earth and why exploration matters.

Outreach

Peggy reconnected with the first Saudi female to go to space — Axiom Mission 2 Mission Specialist Rayyanah Barnawi — to discuss the Saudi Space Agency BioGravity Initiative. They were joined by the student winners of the Madak competition for a Q&A session.

Peggy also had a powerful discussion with aspiring female astronauts from Mexico, Spain, Germany, and the UK. The conversation spotlighted the growing international network of women shaping the next era of space exploration through science, innovation, and leadership.

In a joint update, Peggy and Tibor shared what life has been like aboard the space station since their arrival. From sharing thoughts on being in space for the first time to personal mementos, they offered a behind-the-scenes look at their journey so far.

Tomorrow at 6:15 a.m. CT/1:15 p.m. CET, Suave will connect with members of the Polish Parliament to discuss Poland's growing role in space exploration and how these efforts are advancing science, education, and international collaboration. Tune in to watch the event live, here.

Tibor will contribute to the discussion on how Ax-4 is advancing scientific interests around the globe during a live event with Dr. Orsolya Ferencz, Ministerial Commissioner for Space Research for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Hungary.

posted 07-03-2025 11:59 AM               

Leading Beyond Earth: Aspiring Female Astronauts Shaping the Future of Space

Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) Commander Peggy Whitson led an insightful on-orbit event that brought together an inspiring group of women shaping the future of space exploration. Representing Mexico, Spain, Germany, and the United Kingdom, these women are aspiring or current astronauts representing the growing global presence of women in human spaceflight. Their conversation explored themes of leadership, empowerment, and purpose, highlighting how diverse backgrounds and bold ambitions are redefining what it means to lead beyond Earth.

Katya Echazarreta of Mexico shared how childhood stargazing and a passion for space led her to NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where she contributed to missions like Perseverance and Europa Clipper. In 2022, she became the first Mexican-born woman to fly to space aboard a Blue Origin mission. Now, as the founder of Fundación Espacial, she's dedicated to empowering Latin American youth through space education and outreach.

From Spain, Sara García Alonso described her path from cancer research to becoming part of the European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut reserve corps in 2022. Her story emphasized the power of curiosity and lifelong learning, encouraging young women to embrace uncertainty and align their careers with meaningful impact.

Germany's Amelie Schoenenwald brought a humanitarian focus, reflecting on her work with HIV-positive women in Uganda and Syrian refugees in Germany. Her message was clear: you don't need a rocket to change the world … just compassion and action.

Finally, Meganne Christian from the UK spoke about making science exciting through storytelling and hands-on learning. With experience in Antarctica and nanomaterials research, she champions curiosity and collaboration as keys to discovery.

The women brought a unique perspective, showing that leadership in space is not defined by a single background, but by a shared commitment to progress, inclusion, and impact. Their stories offer practical inspiration for the next generation where leadership begins with purpose, and the future of space will be shaped by those willing to step forward and lead.

posted 07-03-2025 12:03 PM               

Ax-4 Mission Update: Flight Day #8

On their sixth day aboard the International Space Station, the Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) crew continued executing a full slate of scientific research, technology demonstrations, and global outreach. Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu "Shux" Shukla, and Mission Specialists Sławosz "Suave" Uznański-Wiśniewski and Tibor Kapu worked on studies involving muscle biology, radiation exposure, thermal regulation, and neural activity. Alongside their research, the crew continued to connect with international audiences, reinforcing the mission's broader goals of collaboration, education, and advancing knowledge both in space and on Earth.

Above: Ax-4 Mission Specialist Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski enjoys views of the Earth from the cupola aboard the International Space Station. (Axiom Space)

Research

Peggy contributed to the Saudi Space Agency's Microgravity Challenge, capturing images of student-designed plant growth experiments and managing sensor operations. Through this initiative, students are given a direct role in space research, fostering innovation in science, technology, education, art, and mathematics (STEAM) through real-world testing.

Meanwhile, Shux led a series of biological investigations. He conducted the Space Micro Algae experiment, which explores how microgravity affects the growth and genetic behavior of algae — organisms that could one day serve as sustainable sources of food, fuel, or oxygen for long-duration missions. Shux also performed a microscopy to examine muscle cell development for the myogenesis study. Insights could lead to therapies for muscle loss both on orbit and on Earth. His work extended to documenting the Voyager Tardigrades experiment, which investigates how hardy microscopic creatures survive and reproduce in space. The findings could reveal new insights into the molecular mechanisms of cellular resilience which could translate into clinically relevant knowledge on Earth.

Suave focused on evaluating wearable technology through the Wireless Acoustics project. By comparing a compact, wearable acoustic monitor to traditional stationary equipment, he's helping determine whether future astronauts can rely on more comfortable and efficient tools to track noise exposure — a key factor in long-term crew health and comfort.

The Bone on ISS experiment was conducted to study the effects of microgravity on bone health, focusing on bone loss during flight and recovery post-spaceflight. By examining bone metabolism, inflammatory markers, and growth factors in blood, the study aims to develop a digital twin model to predict bone behavior during recovery. This research is beneficial for human spaceflight missions, as it helps predict individual skeletal risks and enables better astronaut screening.

In another study, the PhotonGrav project is exploring the potential for neural activity to support brain-computer interfaces in space. By collecting neural activity data using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), the crew is helping scientists understand how the brain adapts to microgravity and how this knowledge could enhance assistive technologies for people with disabilities back on Earth.

Tibor monitored radiation exposure using the Rad Nano Dosimeter, a compact device that provides real-time data on environmental conditions aboard the space station. This information could lead to valuable insight for protecting astronauts as missions venture farther from Earth. Tibor also continued work on the Fruit Fly DNA Repair experiment, which investigates how space radiation affects genetic integrity. By studying how certain enzymes might shield DNA from damage, this research could eventually lead to new ways to safeguard human health during deep space missions.

Additionally, the crew led a technology demonstration for the Suit Fabric Study, a project that's redefining how we think about clothing in space. This technology demonstration explores how garments influence heat transfer in environments where gravity and convection behave differently. By monitoring how both the body and fabric respond to exercise in microgravity, the study could revolutionize the design of future space suits. But the impact isn't just beyond Earth's atmosphere, this technology could also enhance thermal regulation in extreme environments on our home planet, from high-performance sportswear to medical garments that help manage body temperature in clinical settings.

The Ax-4 crew also lent their voices — literally — to the Voice in Space study, which investigates how spaceflight affects human speech. In the weightless environment, vocal patterns can shift due to changes in cognitive function and the absence of gravity's influence on the body. Using electroglottograph sensors and a series of scripted vocal tasks, researchers are analyzing how vocal fold vibrations and tonal qualities evolve on orbit. The goal is to train AI algorithms to detect these subtle changes, potentially leading to new diagnostic tools for monitoring astronaut health while enhancing voice-based AI systems on Earth.

Finally, the crew completed the third round of the Cerebral Hemodynamics study. Using ultrasound imaging, they tracked blood flow in the brain to better understand how the cardiovascular system adapts to life in space. This research is vital for protecting astronaut health on long-duration missions and could also lead to improved diagnostic techniques for heart and brain conditions back on Earth.

Outreach

Yesterday, Peggy hosted an empowering conversation with aspiring and current female astronauts from Mexico, Spain, Germany, and the UK. Their discussion highlighted the growing global network of women leading the charge in science, innovation, and space exploration.

Today, Suave connected with members of the Polish Parliament to spotlight the nation's growing role in space exploration.

Tibor joined a live event with Dr. Orsolya Ferencz, Hungary's Ministerial Commissioner for Space Research, to share how Ax-4 is advancing scientific goals.

Tomorrow, Shux will connect with students in India, offering a firsthand look at life aboard the International Space Station. He'll share what it's like to live and work in microgravity, the science he's conducting as part of the mission, and answer students' questions about space exploration.

posted 07-03-2025 08:35 PM               

Ax-4 Mission Update: Flight Day #9

The Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) crew — Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu "Shux" Shukla, and Mission Specialists Sławosz "Suave" Uznański-Wiśniewski and Tibor Kapu — has now spent a full week aboard the International Space Station. By the end of today, since docking on June 26, the astronauts will have completed approximately 113 orbits around Earth, covering over 2.9 million miles. To put that into perspective, that's nearly 12 times the distance between Earth and the Moon.

Above: Ax-4 Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu enjoys floating in zero-g aboard the International Space Station. (Axiom Space)

Today, the crew enjoyed a well-earned off-duty day, giving them a chance to recharge and connect with family and friends back on Earth. Tomorrow, they'll dive back into a packed schedule of scientific research and technology demonstrations that will continue through the weekend.

In just seven days, the Ax-4 astronauts have already made significant contributions to scientific research. Peggy has been involved in cancer research using microgravity to study how tumor cells behave in space, work that is helping develop new therapeutic targets for metastatic cancers. Shux has been conducting experiments that explore how microgravity affects the growth and genetic behavior of algae and how tardigrades, hardy microscopic creatures, survive and reproduce in space. The findings could reveal new insights into the molecular mechanisms of cellular resilience which could translate into clinically relevant knowledge on Earth.

Suave has been testing a wearable acoustic monitoring device designed to improve how sound levels are tracked aboard the space station. This technology could enhance astronaut health and inform the design of future spacecraft. Meanwhile, Tibor has been monitoring radiation levels using a Hungarian-developed dosimeter, while also leading a project to grow microgreens on orbit — a step toward sustainable food production in space.

This mission is historic for its international significance. It marks the first time astronauts from India, Poland, and Hungary have conducted a mission aboard the space station and represents these nations' return to human spaceflight after more than four decades. The Ax-4 crew is conducting over 60 experiments during their two-week stay, highlighting the growing role of commercial and international partnerships in space exploration.

With more than a hundred sunrises and sunsets witnessed from orbit, the Ax-4 mission is advancing science progress in space and inspiring a new generation of explorers. After a day of rest, the crew will be ready to resume their packed research and outreach agendas.

posted 07-06-2025 04:25 PM               

Ax-4 Mission Update: Flight Day #10

Now halfway through their mission aboard the International Space Station, the Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) — Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu "Shux" Shukla, and Mission Specialists Sławosz "Suave" Uznański-Wiśniewski and Tibor Kapu — returned to their research studies after a well-earned off-duty day. As fireworks will soon light up the skies back on Earth, the Ax-4 crew marked the occasion on orbit by celebrating progress through purpose by advancing science that serves all of humanity. Their work embodies exploration, innovation, and global collaboration, defining the pursuit of freedom through knowledge.

Above: Ax-4 Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla carries out operations for the myogenesis study in the Life Sciences Glovebox aboard the International Space Station. (Axiom Space)

Research

Peggy wrapped up the ninth and tenth (out of twelve) imaging sessions of 3D tumor organoids for the groundbreaking Cancer in LEO study. These tiny, lab-grown tumor models are unlocking how cancer behaves in microgravity, offering a new frontier of discovery that could revolutionize both space health and cancer therapies back on Earth.

Peggy captured images of a student-designed plant growth experiment for the Saudi Space Agency's Microgravity Challenge. This educational program invited students from across Saudi Arabia to design and launch real scientific experiments into orbit, giving them a opportunity to explore the unique conditions of microgravity.

The crew contributed to the Voyager Displays project, a study focused on how spaceflight affects eye movement, gaze control, and pointing accuracy. In microgravity, even simple tasks like selecting a button or tracking a moving object can become more complex. By linking these physical responses to stress and cognitive load, researchers aim to design more intuitive spacecraft interfaces—ones that adapt to the unique challenges of space and help astronauts stay sharp and efficient on long-duration missions.

Inside the Life Sciences Glovebox, Shux carried out operations for the myogenesis study, which investigates how microgravity contributes to muscle atrophy. Without the constant pull of gravity, muscles weaken quickly in space. This research dives deep into the molecular pathways behind skeletal muscle dysfunction, with the goal of developing targeted therapies to prevent muscle loss. The findings could also benefit people on Earth, especially those dealing with age-related muscle decline or limited mobility.

Shux deployed samples for the Space Micro Algae investigation. These tiny organisms might one day help sustain life in space, providing food, fuel, and even breathable air. But first, we need to understand how they grow and adapt in microgravity.

The crew continued monitoring radiation exposure using the Rad Nano Dosimeter, a compact device that provides real-time data on environmental conditions aboard the space station. This information could lead to valuable insight for protecting astronauts as missions venture farther from Earth.

In another experiment, Tibor worked on the Fruit Fly DNA Repair study to explore how space radiation affects genetic stability. By observing how fruit fly DNA responds to radiation and how certain enzymes might protect it, scientists hope to uncover new strategies for preserving human health during long-duration missions. These tiny flies could hold the key to big breakthroughs in genetic protection, both in space and in radiation-heavy environments on Earth.

Tibor also wrapped up work on the VITAPRIC experiment by testing the growth of radish and wheat microgreens in microgravity. These nutrient-packed plants are more than just a snack…they could become a sustainable source of fresh food for astronauts on extended missions and provide innovative farming techniques for growing healthy crops in cities, deserts, or other resource-limited environments here on Earth.

Additionally, the crew contributed to the ENPERCHAR experiment by investigating how microgravity affects human perception and environmental awareness. By analyzing how astronauts interact with their surroundings and perform tasks in space, researchers aim to better understand how spatial orientation and psychological connection to the environment shift in orbit. These findings are essential for designing future spacecraft, habitats, and workspaces that support both mental and physical well-being during long-term missions.

Inside the weightless environment of the International Space Station, a crewmember donned a virtual reality (VR) headset as part of the Neuromotion VR study, helping researchers understand how spaceflight affects the brain's ability to focus, plan, and move.

While navigating a series of attention-based tasks in VR, an astronaut also wore a specialized cap equipped with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) sensors. These sensors track brain activity in real time, offering a window into how microgravity influences cognitive function and motor control. To deepen the analysis, saliva and tear samples were collected to measure stress hormones and other biological markers. Together, these data points are painting a clearer picture of how the human brain adapts to space — insights that are important for preparing astronauts for longer missions to the Moon, Mars, and beyond.

Can your voice reveal how space is affecting your body? The Voice in Space experiment is testing just that. By analyzing vocal changes in astronauts, using both recordings and vocal fold measurements, researchers are training AI to detect subtle shifts in speech caused by microgravity and cognitive stress. This blend of biology and machine learning has the potential to revolutionize astronaut health monitoring.

To explore how spaceflight affects the brain's ability to learn and adapt, the crew took part in the Acquired Equivalence Test, which is a cognitive experiment designed to study associative learning in microgravity. This test challenges astronauts to recognize patterns and relationships between visual cues, even when those cues are flipped or rotated in ways that disrupt our usual sense of up and down. By comparing results from space with data collected before and after the mission, researchers hope to uncover how the brain processes both simple and complex visual information on orbit.

The crew participated in the Bone on ISS experiment, providing insight on how bones deteriorate in space and how they recover once back on Earth. By analyzing biological markers related to bone formation, inflammation, and growth, researchers are building a digital twin — a virtual model that can simulate how an astronaut's bones respond to spaceflight and recovery. This personalized approach could revolutionize astronaut health screening, allowing mission planners to predict skeletal risks and tailor countermeasures for each individual. Beyond space, the findings may also lead to better treatments for osteoporosis and other bone-related conditions here on Earth.

As future missions venture deeper into space, astronauts will need reliable, non-intrusive ways to monitor their health in real time. The Mxene in LEO study explores how these nanomaterials, a class of ultra-thin, 2D inorganic compounds, can be used to create next-generation biometric sensors. During the mission, the crew is testing six different MXene-based devices that will enable researchers to evaluate how these materials perform in low-Earth orbit, focusing on their functionality, durability, and environmental stability.

Lastly, the crew conducted neuromuscular electrical stimulation sessions to monitor physiological changes with the goal to find possible countermeasures to protect crew from the adverse effects of microgravity on muscle mass. The findings could also provide useful insights into muscle and bone health for Earth-based medical conditions, such as osteoporosis and muscle atrophy.

Outreach

Today, Tibor connected with Hungarian media from orbit, sharing his experiences as Hungary's second astronaut and the first to carry out a mission aboard the International Space Station.

Tomorrow, Peggy will join students in South Korea for a special event as part of the Humans In Space (HIS) Youth Program. This initiative engaged over 800 students and teachers across the country, culminating in a drawing and research competition. From hundreds of entries, twenty finalist were selected for their artwork, and three teams were recognized for their outstanding research projects. During the event, Peggy will showcase the winning drawings from space, bringing these students' creativity to orbit. The winning students will also have an opportunity to ask Peggy questions about science and life in space.

Finally, all four of the Ax-4 crewmembers will join Axiom Space Chief Scientist Dr. Lucie Low tomorrow for a Q&A about their research studies and the progress being made as they are now halfway through their mission aboard the space station.

posted 07-06-2025 04:31 PM               

Ax-4 Mission Update: Flight Day #11

The Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) crew — Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu "Shux" Shukla, and Mission Specialists Sławosz "Suave" Uznański-Wiśniewski and Tibor Kapu —have now completed nine productive days aboard the International Space Station. Since their arrival, the crew has been fully dedicated to their packed schedule of scientific research, technology demonstrations, and global outreach. Each day has marked steady progress toward accomplishing mission objectives as the crew contributes to experiments that could shape the future of space exploration and benefit life on Earth.

Above: Ax-4 Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla takes photos of our home planet inside the cupola. (Axiom Space)

Research

Peggy completed the final imaging sessions of 3D tumor organoids for the Cancer in LEO study. By observing their development, researchers on the ground are using microgravity to further understand stem cells, cancer, and aging-related effects in space in order to develop better prediction of disease and therapeutics for patients on Earth.

Shux documented the myogenesis investigation, which explores how the absence of gravity accelerates muscle atrophy. This research examines cellular and molecular mechanisms behind skeletal muscle weakening, with the goal of developing countermeasures to preserve muscle health.

In another task, Shux deployed and stowed samples for the Space Micro Algae experiment. These microscopic organisms could potentially serve as sources of food, oxygen, and biofuel in future missions and provide sustainable life-support systems in deep space exploration.

Shux irrigated crop seeds as part of the Sprouts project, an experiment designed to explore how spaceflight affects seed germination and plant growth. Following the mission, the seeds will be cultivated over multiple generations on Earth. Researchers will analyze changes in their genetic makeup, microbial communities, and nutritional content. The goal of the Sprouts project is to advance our understanding of sustainable crop production in space for future long-duration missions.

The crew gathered more data for the Voyager Displays experiment, which investigates how spaceflight influences eye movement, gaze coordination, and pointing precision. The study could inform the design of smarter, more adaptive spacecraft interfaces.

The crew continued tracking radiation levels using the Rad Nano Dosimeter. By collecting continuous data on radiation exposure, the device will help researchers understand the risks astronauts face in space. This ongoing monitoring effort is essential as space agencies prepare for longer missions beyond low-Earth orbit and could inform the development of advanced shielding technologies and safety protocols.

Tibor gathered data for the Microfluidics Design experiment, which explores how fluids behave in microgravity within compact "lab-on-a-chip" systems. These microfluidic devices, which manipulate tiny volumes of liquid through miniature channels, behave differently in space due to the absence of gravity-driven forces like buoyancy and sedimentation. The experiment's long-term objective is to develop space-ready diagnostic tools capable of analyzing drug stability and quality during extended missions. Such innovations could be vital for maintaining astronaut health on future journeys to the Moon, Mars, and beyond, where resupply is limited and onboard medical capabilities must be self-sufficient.

In a separate investigation, Tibor documented observations and captured images for the Fruit Fly DNA Repair study, which examines how space radiation influences genetic integrity. This experiment focuses on how fruit fly DNA responds to the environment of space and whether specific enzymes can help repair or shield it from damage. By studying these organisms, scientists could uncover mechanisms to protect human DNA during long-duration space missions. The findings may also have far-reaching implications for improving radiation protection strategies on Earth, particularly in medical and nuclear settings.

Suave contributed to the Wireless Acoustics project, which evaluates a wearable, commercially available acoustic monitor designed to measure sound levels aboard the International Space Station. The device is tested for comfort, usability, and accuracy while astronauts go about their daily tasks, and its readings are compared to those from a fixed, traditional sound level meter nearby. This study assesses whether the wearable system offers improvements over legacy monitoring technologies.

To investigate how spaceflight influences the brain's capacity to learn and adapt, the crew participated in the Acquired Equivalence Test, which is a cognitive experiment focused on associative learning in microgravity. This test challenges astronauts to identify patterns and relationships between visual symbols, even when those symbols are rotated or flipped in ways that defy Earth-based spatial norms.

For the Mxene in LEO study, the crew is exploring how a cutting-edge class of nanomaterials, ultra-thin 2D inorganic compounds, can power the next generation of biometric sensors. Throughout the mission, the crew is testing six MXene-based devices to assess their performance in space. The findings could lead to advanced wearable technologies that support astronaut health during missions and potentially impact medical monitoring on Earth as well.‍

Educational Activities

Shux recorded a STEM demonstration to illustrate the differences between physical and chemical changes in microgravity. This hands-on experiment highlights how the absence of gravity alters familiar processes such as mixing substances, phase transitions, and reactions that produce gases or heat.

Suave completed an educational outreach demonstration for students in Poland, showcasing Polish-led experiments aboard the International Space Station. During the session, he explained the science behind these investigations and performed hands-on demonstrations to bring the concepts to life in microgravity. These educational events are connecting students directly with their country's space research, highlighting the real-world impact of science and technology in space.

Tibor filmed a CPR demonstration for the Space Basics Outreach project, an initiative designed to educate audiences of all ages by showcasing activities conducted aboard the International Space Station. Through the lens of an astronaut on orbit, the project highlights hands-on experiments and offers a glimpse into life in space.

Outreach

Today, Peggy joined students in South Korea for an event as part of the Humans In Space (HIS) Youth Program. This initiative engaged over 800 students and teachers across the country, culminating in a drawing and research competition. From hundreds of entries, twenty finalist teams were selected for their artwork, and three teams were recognized for their outstanding research projects. During the event, Peggy showcased the winning drawings from the International Space Station, bringing these students' creativity to orbit. The winning students also had the opportunity to ask Peggy questions about life and science in space.

Lastly, all four of the Ax-4 crewmembers connected with Axiom Space Chief Scientist Dr. Lucie Low for a Q&A about their research studies and the progress being made as they are now more than halfway through the mission.

posted 07-08-2025 10:41 AM               

Ax-4 Mission Update: Flight Day #12

Now past the halfway point of their mission aboard the International Space Station, the Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) crew's momentum remains strong, and their impact continues to grow with each passing day on orbit. Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu "Shux" Shukla, and Mission Specialists Sławosz "Suave" Uznański-Wiśniewski and Tibor Kapu have spent the last ten days committed to their busy schedule of scientific research, technology demonstrations, and global outreach.

Research

Shux continued investigating how microgravity accelerates muscle atrophy by performing microscopy and collecting cellular samples for the myogenesis study. This work is helpful for uncovering how muscle tissue deteriorates in space and for developing strategies to protect astronaut health during extended missions.

Shux also redeployed a culture bag for the Space Micro Algae experiment. With the potential to produce food, oxygen, and even biofuel, microalgae could become essential companions on future missions to the Moon and Mars.

Meanwhile, Tibor spent time observing the Fruit Fly DNA Repair study, which will investigate how space radiation affects genetic integrity. By studying how fruit fly DNA responds to radiation experienced during Ax-4, scientists hope to develop strategies to protect human DNA in space.

The crew contributed to the Wireless Acoustics project, testing a wearable acoustic monitor designed to measure sound levels aboard the space station. This commercially available device is being evaluated for comfort, usability, and accuracy, with its data compared to on board traditional fixed sound meters.

A crewmember underwent an ultrasound scan to track changes in cardiovascular and balance systems for the Telemetric Health AI study. This project aims to enable real-time health monitoring and predictive healthcare on orbit and on Earth.

The crew participated in the Acquired Equivalence Test, a cognitive experiment designed to explore how microgravity affects associative learning. The results could shed light on how the brain adapts to the unique demands of space.

Finally, the crew is exploring the potential of nanomaterials through the Mxene in LEO study. These ultra-thin, 2D inorganic compounds are being tested in six biometric sensor prototypes to evaluate their performance in space. The findings could lead to the next generation of wearable health tech, supporting astronauts on missions and transforming medical monitoring here on Earth.

From muscle cells to nanomaterials, each of these experiments brings us one step closer to safer, smarter, and more sustainable space exploration.

Outreach

Peggy and Suave teamed up for a live mission update. During the conversation, Suave added a personal touch by sharing a special food item he's been enjoying aboard the station — one that brings a comforting reminder of home.

Tomorrow at 6:00 a.m. CT/1:00 p.m. CEST, Suave will speak with members of the Polish media about the importance of the Ax-4 mission and his role in advancing Poland's scientific research goals. His contributions aboard the space station represent a proud moment for his nation's growing presence in space.

As a leader in the commercial space industry, Texas continues to shape the future of space exploration. Axiom Space is bringing together key stakeholders from the Texas state government, Texas Space Commission, and Texas Aerospace Research and Space Economy Consortium to speak with the Peggy tomorrow from the space station. Their discussion will focus on the significance of commercial space, the strength of Texas leadership, and the importance of workforce development in supporting the industry's rapid growth.

posted 07-08-2025 10:44 AM               

Ax-4 Mission Update: Flight Day #13

As the Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) crew enters their final week aboard the International Space Station, the astronauts remain laser-focused on completing a wide-ranging suite of scientific experiments, technology demonstrations, and global outreach initiatives. Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu "Shux" Shukla, and Mission Specialists Sławosz "Suave" Uznański-Wiśniewski and Tibor Kapu have spent the past eleven days driving forward research that could shape the future of space exploration and deliver real-world benefits back on Earth.

Above:Ax-4 Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu shows the Hungarian to Orbit mission patch in the cupola. (Axiom Space)

Research

Today, Peggy supported her Ax-4 crewmates through another day of microgravity research. Drawing on her decades of experience living and working in space, Peggy has been guiding the crew as they conduct diverse scientific investigations, ensuring the success and efficiency of the mission's research objectives.

Shux took imagery and conducted a centrifugation of cyanobacteria. By comparing two strains of these photosynthetic microorganisms, researchers aim to understand how microgravity affects their growth, cellular behavior, and biochemical activity.

In another experiment, Shux redeployed a culture bag for the Space Microalgae study. Microalgae are being investigated for their potential to produce food, oxygen, and even biofuels. Their resilience and versatility make them ideal for supporting human life on long-duration missions.

The crew continued the Voyager Displays experiment, which examines how spaceflight alters eye movement, gaze coordination, and pointing accuracy. These insights could support designing intuitive, adaptive spacecraft interfaces that respond to the unique cognitive and motor challenges astronauts face on orbit.

In support of the PhotonGrav study, a crewmember collected neural activity data using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). This research explores how the brain adapts to microgravity and investigates the feasibility of human-computer interfaces in space. The results could inform the development of neuroadaptive technologies for space exploration and have applications in Earth-based medicine, such as rehabilitation and assistive devices.

Tibor completed work on the VITAPRIC experiment by irrigating radish and wheat microgreens. These nutrient-rich plants are a potential fresh food source for astronauts and could offer insights into urban and arid-environment agriculture on Earth, where territory and resources are limited.

The crew supported the ENPERCHAR study, which investigates how astronauts perceive and interact with their environment in space. By analyzing spatial orientation and environmental awareness, researchers aim to design spacecraft and habitats that better support mental health and operational efficiency during long-term missions.

Data was collected for the Cerebral Hemodynamics study, which examines how the cardiovascular system adapts to spaceflight. Understanding these changes is essential for astronaut health and could also enhance diagnostics and treatments for cardiovascular conditions on Earth.

Finally, a crewmember explored the potential of nanomaterials through the Mxene in LEO study. The results could lead to the next generation of wearable health monitoring technologies, benefiting both astronauts and patients on Earth.

Outreach

Today, Suave spoke with members of the Polish media about the importance of the Ax-4 mission and his role in advancing Poland's scientific research goals.

Tomorrow at 5:00 a.m. CT/12:00 p.m. CEST, Suave will continue his outreach efforts with around 300 students in Poland. During the live event, he'll share insights about his journey to becoming an astronaut, offer a glimpse into daily life aboard the space station, and lead a hands-on STEM demonstration designed to spark curiosity and excitement about science and space.

posted 07-08-2025 09:37 PM               

Ax-4 Crew Shares Scientific Milestones from Space

The Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) crew recently connected with Axiom Space Chief Scientist Dr. Lucie Low for an on-orbit science briefing, offering a glimpse into the cutting-edge research unfolding aboard the International Space Station. This mission marks another significant leap forward for science, with the Ax-4 crew conducting the most research ever undertaken on an Axiom Space mission.

Commander Peggy Whitson, a veteran astronaut and trailblazer in space exploration, kicked off the event by highlighting the mission's diverse scientific agenda. From cancer biology and cellular research to human physiology and plant growth, the Ax-4 mission continues to push innovation and advance science in microgravity. Whitson expressed particular enthusiasm for the Suite Ride experiment aimed at advancing diabetes monitoring and treatment — research that could one day enable individuals with diabetes to live and work in space.

Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla shared the pride of representing India on this historic mission. For the first time, Indian scientists have been able to send payloads to the space station, marking a major milestone for the nation's space program. Shukla's research includes stem cell studies, investigations into how microgravity affects crop seeds, and assessments of cognitive load on astronauts, leading to valuable insights for long-duration spaceflight and inspiring millions of Indian students across the continent.

Mission Specialist Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski spotlighted Poland's innovative experiments developed in collaboration with the Polish Space Agency, as well as continuing the work of the European Space Agency to shape the development of Europe's space capabilities and advance its exploration goals. His work spans human sciences, engineering, and physics, including the first demonstration of a brain-machine interface in space which could one day be used on future long-duration spaceflight missions or in healthcare rehabilitative applications on Earth. He also highlighted his work on nanomaterials, which could advance wearable health technologies, both on orbit and on Earth.

Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu shared his excitement about conducting 25 experiments on behalf of Hungarian universities, research institutions, and companies. His research explores how microgravity affects biological systems and materials — knowledge that could drive innovation in both space exploration and everyday life. Kapu also revealed a personal takeaway: his work with plant growth experiments has inspired him to take up gardening once he returns to Earth.

The Ax-4 mission exemplifies the power of international collaboration and scientific ambition. Every experiment conducted on orbit is the result of tireless work and dedication by scientists, engineers, and support teams on the ground. As Axiom Space continues to expand access to low-Earth orbit, missions like Ax-4 are shaping the next era of discovery, accelerating innovation, inspiring nations, and redefining what's possible in space science.

posted 07-08-2025 09:43 PM               

Ax-4 Mission Update: Flight Day #14

The Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) crew remains focused on a wide range of research activities. Over the past 12 days, Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu "Shux" Shukla, and Mission Specialists Sławosz "Suave" Uznański-Wiśniewski and Tibor Kapu have advanced scientific studies, tested new technologies, and engaged in global outreach efforts, all contributing to the mission's broader goals in space exploration and Earth-based innovation.‍

Above: Ax-4 Mission Specialist Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski takes a selfie while conducting research aboard the International Space Station. (Axiom Space)

Research

Today, Peggy continued guiding the crew through another productive day of microgravity research.

Shux tended to the Sprouts project by taking photos of seeds in petri dishes and inserting them into the Minus Eighty-Degree Laboratory Freezer to study how microgravity influences germination and early plant development. Once returned to Earth, the seeds will be cultivated over several generations to examine changes in their genetics, microbial ecosystems, and nutritional profiles.

In another experiment, Shux deployed and stowed microalgae, which are being investigated for their potential to produce food, oxygen, and even biofuels. Their resilience and versatility make them ideal for supporting human life on long-duration missions.

Shux also captured images for the crop seeds experiment, where six varieties will be grown over multiple generations post-mission. The goal is to identify plants with desirable traits for genetic analysis for sustainable farming in space.

Additionally, the crew continued the Voyager Displays experiment, which investigates how spaceflight affects eye movement, gaze coordination, and pointing accuracy. Insights from this study could lead to the development of adaptive spacecraft interfaces tailored to the unique cognitive and motor demands of astronauts on orbit.

The crew also took part in the AstroMentalHealth study focusing on astronauts' mental and behavioral health during human spaceflight missions. This research can benefit others on Earth by developing remote technologies for diagnosing and treating mental disorders.

A neuromuscular electrical stimulation session was performed to explore potential countermeasures against the muscle loss caused by microgravity. By delivering targeted electrical impulses to muscles, this technique could help maintain muscle mass and strength during extended space missions, supporting astronaut health and performance on orbit and upon return to Earth.

Crew contributed to the Suit Fabric Study by collecting data on how clothing affects heat transfer in microgravity, where normal convection doesn't apply. The research monitors both physiological and fabric responses during exercise on orbit, aiming to improve future spacesuit design. Insights from this study could also enhance thermal regulation in clothing for extreme environments on Earth, benefiting fields like healthcare and sports.

Data was also collected for the Telemetric Health AI study, which explores how spaceflight impacts the cardiovascular and balance systems. By integrating readings from various medical devices with mission data and analyzing them using advanced data science techniques, the project aims to develop real-time health monitoring and predictive healthcare tools that could be applied both in space and on Earth.

Tibor supported the IMU-DRS study, which tests the accuracy of smartphone motion sensors in microgravity. By comparing motion data collected in space with Earth-based benchmarks, researchers aim to understand sensor drift and prove that complex movement paths can be reconstructed in weightlessness—knowledge that could shape future spacecraft navigation systems.

The crew continued collecting radiation exposure data using the Rad Nano Dosimeter, a compact device that tracks radiation levels in real time. This ongoing monitoring is beneficial for assessing astronaut safety on long-duration missions and could guide the development of better shielding technologies and safety protocols for future missions.

Finally, to study how spaceflight affects learning and adaptation, crew took part in the Acquired Equivalence Test — a cognitive experiment that challenges astronauts to recognize patterns and associations between visual symbols, even when altered in ways that defy Earth-based spatial norms.

Outreach

All four of the Ax-4 crewmembers connected with Axiom Space Chief Scientist Dr. Lucie Low for a Q&A about their research studies and the progress being made as they are now more than halfway through the mission.

Suave continued his outreach efforts with around 300 students in Poland. During the live event, he shared insights about his journey to becoming an astronaut, offered a glimpse into daily life aboard the space station, and led a hands-on STEM demonstration designed to spark curiosity and excitement about science and space.

posted 07-11-2025 12:00 PM               

Ax-4 Mission Update: Flight Day #15

After about two weeks aboard the International Space Station, the Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) crew has completed close to 230 orbits around Earth and traveled more than 6 million miles. Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu "Shux" Shukla, and Mission Specialists Sławosz "Suave" Uznański-Wiśniewski and Tibor Kapu have just concluded their final off-duty day.

From about 250 miles above Earth, the crew spent their downtime capturing images and video, taking in the view of our home planet below, and reconnecting with loved ones. These moments offer a rare pause in an otherwise rigorous daily schedule.

With over 60 experiments across biomedical science, advanced materials, neuroscience, agriculture, and space technology, the Ax-4 mission includes the most research conducted on an Axiom Space private astronaut mission to date. These investigations could transform the future of human space exploration and life on Earth, with potential breakthroughs in areas such as diabetes management, innovative cancer treatments, and enhanced monitoring of human health and performance.

As the crew resumes their scientific duties, they continue to demonstrate how commercial missions contribute meaningfully to microgravity research and space exploration. Every test tube, data point, and observation bring us one step closer to a global community living and working in low-Earth orbit and, eventually, beyond.

posted 07-11-2025 12:05 PM               

Ax-4 Mission Update: Flight Day #16

Pending favorable weather conditions, the Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) crew is set to undock from the International Space Station no earlier than Monday, July 14, at 7:05 a.m. ET. Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu "Shux" Shukla, and Mission Specialists Sławosz "Suave" Uznański-Wiśniewski and Tibor Kapu are making the most of their final days on orbit, pushing forward a wide range of experiments that could shape the future of space exploration and improve life on Earth.

Above: Ax-4 Mission Specialist Tibor Kapu conducts research aboard the International Space Station. (Axiom Space)

Research

After a well-deserved off-duty day, Peggy Whitson led the crew through another busy day of scientific research aboard the space station.

Shux worked on the microalgae experiment, deploying and stowing samples that could one day provide food, oxygen, and biofuels for deep space missions. Their resilience makes them a promising asset for sustaining life beyond Earth.

The crew continued the Voyager Displays study, which examines how spaceflight affects eye movement and coordination.

Meanwhile, Tibor observed the Fruit Fly DNA Repair experiment, helping researchers understand how radiation impacts genetic integrity and how we might protect human DNA in space.

Tibor conducted a fluid dynamics experiment for the Shear Instabilities study, injecting tracers into spinning water to simulate atmospheric phenomena like Saturn's North Polar Hexagon. These insights could enhance both planetary science and climate modeling.

For the Neuromotion VR study, crew donned virtual reality headsets and neural monitoring caps to assess how microgravity influences attention, motor skills, and stress responses.

Tibor also harvested samples for the VITAPRIC experiment, which grows nutrient-rich plants that could feed astronauts and inform sustainable agriculture on Earth.

The crew collected data for the ENPERCHAR study, exploring how astronauts perceive and interact with their environment on orbit—critical for designing mentally supportive habitats for long-duration missions.

Another study focused on cerebral blood flow, investigating how microgravity and elevated CO₂ levels affect cardiovascular function, which could later benefit both astronauts and patients on Earth.

Radiation exposure was monitored using the compact Rad Nano Dosimeter, a tool for assessing astronaut safety.

The crew took part in the Acquired Equivalence Test, a cognitive experiment that measures learning and adaptability in space, and supported the PhotonGrav study by collecting brain activity data to explore neuroadaptive technologies for space and medical applications.

Finally, a neuromuscular electrical stimulation session was conducted to counteract muscle loss in microgravity — an important step toward maintaining astronaut health during extended stays on orbit.

Outreach

Tomorrow, the crew will join CNN International for an exclusive interview about the Ax-4 mission. The segment will air on Monday, July 14 during the 4:00 p.m. ET hour.

posted 07-12-2025 12:14 PM               

Ax-4 Mission Update: Flight Day #17

After spending 17 days living and working aboard the International Space Station, the Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) crew is wrapping up their research projects and preparing to undock no earlier than Monday, July 14 at 7:05 a.m. ET. Commander Peggy Whitson, Pilot Shubhanshu "Shux" Shukla, and Mission Specialists Sławosz "Suave" Uznański-Wiśniewski and Tibor Kapu have made the most of their time on orbit. Since arriving, they've been involved in more than 60 scientific research activities and participated in over 20 outreach events, advancing research that will contribute to the future of space exploration while inspiring the next generation back on Earth.

Above: Ax-4 Pilot Shubhanshu Shukla inside the cupola aboard the International Space Station. (Axiom Space)

Research

Shux performed a centrifugation of and froze microalgae samples. These microorganisms are being closely studied for their potential to support life far from our home planet.

Meanwhile, the crew continued the Voyager Displays study, which investigates how spaceflight affects eye movement and coordination.

The crew also gathered data for the Voice in Space project, which analyzes how spaceflight alters vocal performance and speech patterns. They also participated in the Acquired Equivalence Test, a cognitive study exploring how astronauts learn and adapt in microgravity.

Rounding out the day, the crew gathered samples for other human health studies, including Immune Multiomics, Muscular Stimulation, Microbiome Profiling, and Human Gut Microbiota. These investigations aim to deepen our understanding of how the human body responds to life in space, with the goal of ensuring astronaut health on future long-duration missions.

Outreach

Today, the crew joined CNN International for an exclusive interview about the Ax-4 mission. The segment will air on Monday, July 14 during the 4:00 p.m. ET hour.