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  Grissom's issues with Apollo 1 spacecraft

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Author Topic:   Grissom's issues with Apollo 1 spacecraft
Jim_Voce
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posted 08-03-2018 11:57 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Jim_Voce   Click Here to Email Jim_Voce     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
It's been often noted that Apollo 1 commander Gus Grissom was very dissatisfied with the Apollo 1 command module. There is also the story of him supposedly hanging a lemon on the spacecraft for others to see.

Does anyone know the details of the lemon story such as what part of the spacecraft he placed or attached the lemon to? Also it has been said that the lemon came from his backyard. I wonder if that is true.

On Jan. 27, 1967 there were communications problems between launch control and the command module. But other than this episode, what specific problems was the command module having that Grissom was dissatisfied with?

oly
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posted 08-04-2018 12:37 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for oly   Click Here to Email oly     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
This subject is spoken about many times within the JSC Oral History Project.

It is reported that Gus hung the lemon on the command module simulator using a wire coat hanger. This photo is purported to be of the said lemon. The incident has been reported as having occurred following a water tank reduced gravity simulation, so this may hint towards which simulator was involved.

Wikipedia details Betty Grissom stating that Gus took a lemon from the tree at home with the intent of hanging it on the spacecraft.

The reasons for the crew frustrations are widely documented and have been the cause of many varied opinions.

YankeeClipper
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posted 08-04-2018 01:39 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for YankeeClipper   Click Here to Email YankeeClipper     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
In the final paragraph here is a reference to page 182 of Starfall (New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1974) by Betty Grissom and Henry Still:
On January 22, 1967, Grissom made a brief stop at home before returning to the Cape. A citrus tree grew in their backyard with lemons on it as big as grapefruits. Gus yanked the largest lemon he could find off of the tree. Betty had no idea what he was up to and asked what he planned to do with the lemon. "I'm going to hang it on that spacecraft," Gus said grimly and kissed her goodbye. Betty knew that Gus would be unable to return home before the crew conducted the plugs out test on January 27, 1967. What she did not know was that January 22 would be "the last time he was here at the house."
According to KSC Flight Crew Operations Branch Chief Riley D. McCafferty, as referenced in NASA SP-4205 Chariots for Apollo: A History of Manned Lunar Spacecraft, Grissom actually hung the lemon on the Link-built Apollo Command Module (CM) simulator at the Cape:
While flight-preparation crews were having problems, Grissom, White, and Chaffee were finding bottlenecks in training activities. The chief problem was keeping the Apollo mission simulator current with changes being made in spacecraft 012. At the Cape, Riley D. McCafferty said, there were more than 100 modifications outstanding at one time. Grissom, McCafferty later recalled, would "tear my heart out" because the simulator was not keeping up with the spacecraft. Eventually, the first Apollo commander hung a lemon on the trainer.
This point is reiterated in a subsequent chapter as follows:
Near sunset, early on this winter evening, communications problems again caused a delay, this time for ten minutes, before the plugs could be pulled. Thus, the test that should have been finished had not really started, and an emergency egress practice was still to come. The crew was accustomed to waiting, however, having spent similar long hours in trouble-plagued training simulators. About 6:30, Grissom may have been thinking about the jest he had played on Riley McCafferty by hanging a lemon on the trainer.

oly
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posted 08-04-2018 03:22 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for oly   Click Here to Email oly     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
This is my point regarding this subject, there are many and varied versions of this and just as many interpretations. I have read opinions from Gus protesting about the way the whole Apollo program was being run down to a comment about the simulator.

A better context is needed of what the thought process was behind such a move. It may just have been an inside joke that has been blown out or it may have been something more serious.

The issues with the Apollo 1 spacecraft are well know, and John Young was interviewed about this subject. He identified that Gus had raised concern about the spacecraft flight airworthiness. But there are also well documented stories about the simulators not matching the spacecraft and their performance being low.

Robert Pearlman
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posted 08-04-2018 06:12 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Robert Pearlman   Click Here to Email Robert Pearlman     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
In 1999, Christie's listed for auction Gus Grissom's Apollo 1 spacecraft notebook, as consigned by Wally Schirra. The 6-by-9-inch spiral bound notebook included 25 handwritten pages by Grissom and three handwritten pages by Roger Chaffee.
The notebook is a highly detailed chronology of Grissom's activities and meetings associated with the Apollo 1 spacecraft (S/C 012). Many of the pages were written while inside Apollo 1, listing results and comments made during tests. The first entry is dated 11 June 66 and the last was on 19 September [1966].

Numerous problems are listed with the first manned Apollo spacecraft as noted by Grissom, which includes, "...temp came on with the Master c/w [caution and warning] and I could hear the gyros run down" from page 1. on page 13, "...cable was damaged and appears to be external only. Must be examined, reviewed," and page 17 states under the COMM[unications] heading, "VOX [voice activated circuit] not satisfactory. Meeting in HOU[ston] Fri to resolve problem."

...Wally Schirra was given this notebook by NASA to assist his training for the first manned Apollo flight.

The notebook was withdrawn from the auction before it could be sold, reportedly due to a dispute over its ownership. Its present whereabouts are unknown.

YankeeClipper
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posted 08-04-2018 06:53 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for YankeeClipper   Click Here to Email YankeeClipper     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Grissom's serious concerns and reservations were shared by his backup Wally Schirra, as recounted by Jay Barbree in an Air & Space Magazine article in 2007.

The problems were across the entire project and included, inter alia, the project oversight, the project schedule, the experience level of the contractors, communications support, the quality and flight readiness of the spacecraft, and the fidelity of the simulators. As a qualified and experienced mechanical engineer, test pilot, and astronaut, Grissom's assessment was spot on.

oly
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Registered: Apr 2015

posted 08-04-2018 07:24 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for oly   Click Here to Email oly     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
The Phillips report covers many of the identified problems with the Block 1 spacecraft. There were other issues including problems with the fluid piping joints leaking and the wiring looms being untidy due to so many modifications, installation and removal of items, the fact that there was no covering where the wiring was routed on the floor area, the ECS system problems resulting in the system being removed and replaced due to glycol leaks, and the door to a locker chafing the wiring as the door was opened and closed.

Frank Borman stated in an interview "I think everybody thought, 'Well, it's a first time. It's a very complicated vehicle. These are things that will work out.' I'm sure that's the way the crew felt, you know; that they were disgusted, they were trying to make it happen. But I'm sure they felt it would get fixed."

Further details are on page 4 and 5 here.

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