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  Apollo 16: Post-flight explosion injured 46

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Author Topic:   Apollo 16: Post-flight explosion injured 46
Rusty B
Member

Posts: 239
From: Sacramento, CA
Registered: Oct 2004

posted 05-30-2011 03:22 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Rusty B   Click Here to Email Rusty B     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
A story about Apollo 16 I had not heard before: Ground service equipment being used to empty the residual toxic reaction control system (RCS) fuel remaining in the Apollo 16 command module tanks post landing exploded in a Naval Air Station hangar near San Diego.

A total of 46 people were sent to the hospital for observation, most suffering from inhalation of toxic fumes. Most seriously injured was a technician that suffered a fractured kneecap when the GSE cart overturned on him.

A hole was blown in the hangar roof 250 feet above, about 40 windows in the hanger were shattered and the Apollo 16 command module suffered a three inch gash in one of its panels. From the Google newspaper archive,

Blackarrow
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Posts: 3700
From: Belfast, United Kingdom
Registered: Feb 2002

posted 05-30-2011 04:29 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Blackarrow     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Was the residual fuel left in the Apollo 16 command module to avoid the problem on Apollo 15 when venting of fuel during descent caused one parachute to collapse? Is this an extreme example of the law of unintended consequences?

Jim Behling
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Posts: 1895
From: Cape Canaveral, FL
Registered: Mar 2010

posted 05-30-2011 08:06 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Jim Behling   Click Here to Email Jim Behling     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Yes.

thisismills
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Posts: 540
From: Michigan
Registered: Mar 2012

posted 12-29-2020 11:53 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for thisismills   Click Here to Email thisismills     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Found an interesting group of photos documenting the event for sale on eBay.

Fra Mauro
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Posts: 1739
From: Bethpage, N.Y.
Registered: Jul 2002

posted 12-29-2020 12:40 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Fra Mauro   Click Here to Email Fra Mauro     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
So what did they do as a remedy for the remaining CM landings?

Headshot
Member

Posts: 1296
From: Vancouver, WA, USA
Registered: Feb 2012

posted 12-29-2020 02:13 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Headshot   Click Here to Email Headshot     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
A small side box on page 21 of the May 15, 1972 issue of Aviation Week & Space Technology ends with the paragraph:
A spokesman for NASA Manned Spacecraft Center said the investigation board so far has seen no relation between the accident and procedural changes in the Apollo 16 landing in which the reaction control system fuel and oxidizer residuals were kept on board the spacecraft instead of being jettisoned before splashdown.

Space Cadet Carl
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Posts: 305
From: Lake Orion, MI
Registered: Feb 2006

posted 12-30-2020 02:29 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Space Cadet Carl   Click Here to Email Space Cadet Carl     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
That's right. They decided not to dump RCS fuel on Apollo 16 because the mid-air dump had dissolved and collapsed a parachute on Apollo 15.

VideoGuy
New Member

Posts: 2
From: Las Vegas, NV 89102
Registered: Mar 2024

posted 03-23-2024 03:07 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for VideoGuy   Click Here to Email VideoGuy     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Having duty that day, I came in early to take photos of the Apollo 16 capsule that had just, hours before, arrived on the naval station, after traveling through the atmosphere and splashdown in the Pacific Ocean near Hawaii. The aircraft carrier, USS Ticonderoga was there to pluck the capsule out of the water and then travel to the naval station in San Diego to be defueled.

At the naval station's photo lab where I was assigned, I loaded up my camera with film and proceeded to walk about 75 yards, across the street to where the Apollo capsule was being defueled. The capsule was placed in a huge hangar which normally houses six aircraft. One aircraft was taken out of the hangar in order to place the capsule safely protected.

As I approached the capsule, I had to show my ID to the Marine guard protecting the capsule from prying eyes. After taking photos, I walked back to the photo lab. Once inside the lab, I began to take out the film. That's when I heard the most incredible explosion, the loudest sound I ever heard, and to this day (I'm 76 years old), it still is the loudest sound I've heard. In fact, that blast was heard eight miles away.

I thought to myself, "aircraft are not allowed to fly faster than sound which produces a sonic boom, over a city, that is." Then, "I thought... THE CAPSULE!" I looked out the lab's window towards the hangar where the capsule was placed. I saw bright, vivid red smoke emitting from the side of the hangar. That same color red as seen on "I Dream Of Jeannie" when she appears and disappears into her bottle.

I then, quickly, loaded up my camera with film and extra rolls of film to capture the event.

As I entered the hangar, there were people laying on the ground, from the concussion of the explosion. Luckily, none of them were his with shrapnel. As I started to take photos, the fire department arrived. The fire captain shouted to me to "STOP TAKING PICTURES!!!" "Why?" I asked him. He said the electronic flash I was using might trigger another explosion. So, I unplugged my flash and continued to take photos.

There were, based on news reports, 46 injured and taken to the hospital, due to fuel/fumes from the rocket fuel. I was the 47th victim, but I continued to take photos and never went to the hospital.

After taking enough to capture the event, I walked back over to my lab, unloaded the exposed shots I took. During this unloading of film, I was called to the front desk of the lab. I was greeted by a gentleman from United Press International (UPI). He wanted my photos to put in the newspapers (local and around the world). He asked for three of my best shots. I obliged and proceeded to print up the best shots and presented the UPI guy with the photos.

I was given the next day off for the extraordinary day I had the day before. Living off base, I woke up and drove down to a local restaurant to have breakfast and at the entrance of the restaurant was a newspaper stand. Low and behold, my photo was on the front page of the Los Angeles Herald Examiner. I placed a quarter in the slot, got a paper out and I still have that same paper today.

Buel
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Posts: 894
From: UK
Registered: Mar 2012

posted 03-23-2024 06:08 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Buel   Click Here to Email Buel     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Wow. What chemicals caused this?

SkyMan1958
Member

Posts: 1361
From: CA.
Registered: Jan 2011

posted 03-23-2024 06:20 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for SkyMan1958   Click Here to Email SkyMan1958     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Nice pics, thank you VideoGuy!

Axman
Member

Posts: 422
From: Derbyshire UK
Registered: Mar 2023

posted 03-24-2024 07:09 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Axman   Click Here to Email Axman     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
On the spot testament. Excellent. With photos too! Extraordinary.

SpaceAholic
Member

Posts: 5335
From: Sierra Vista, Arizona
Registered: Nov 1999

posted 03-24-2024 09:50 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for SpaceAholic   Click Here to Email SpaceAholic     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
quote:
Originally posted by Buel:
What chemicals caused this?
Hypergolic propellant. Nitrogen tetroxide oxidizer emits a reddish/brown plume when vented.

Thanks for sharing the images - Looks like the CM invaded Hawkeye country.

Headshot
Member

Posts: 1296
From: Vancouver, WA, USA
Registered: Feb 2012

posted 03-24-2024 10:22 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Headshot   Click Here to Email Headshot     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Great images. I love the story too. Obviously from a true photographer. Hats off to you for sharing with us.

VideoGuy
New Member

Posts: 2
From: Las Vegas, NV 89102
Registered: Mar 2024

posted 03-24-2024 10:54 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for VideoGuy   Click Here to Email VideoGuy     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
To give you all an idea of where the Apollo 16 capsule was placed inside of a huge hangar, behind the hangars is the photo lab. (photo source).

Each hangar is 90 feet in height. The walls and ceiling and roof eight inch thick concrete. When the defueling device exploded it sent shrapnel everywhere, embedding pieces in the walls and into the five planes inside that hangar.

Shrapnel also hit one of the CO2 tanks (5½ feet tall) standing next to the defueling device, ripping off one of the tank's bottle's valves. Just like puncturing a hobby CO2 cartridge and watching it fly in any direction, this tank then flew up towards the hangar's ceiling, puncturing a hole in its eight inch thick concrete and now all were able to see sky through that hole.

It was also mentioned that the power of the explosion sent this huge hangar up and off its foundation and settling back down again. But, this was not verified, that I know of.

The five aircraft inside the hangar were considered "damaged" due to, again, shrapnel and damage due to the fumes of the rocket fuel being emitted from the defueling device.

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