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Author Topic:   Duplicate Flown Gemini Flight Manuals
chet
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Posts: 1506
From: Beverly Hills, Calif.
Registered: Nov 2000

posted 04-23-2010 08:31 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for chet   Click Here to Email chet     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Can anyone here venture an answer as to whether some (or all?) Gemini flights had duplicate manuals on board (along the lines of one copy per crewman?)

If so, which flights... and which manuals? And where might such information be found? Also, any idea why flying duplicate manuals may have happened?

Thanks for any answers or suggestions.

kyra
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Posts: 583
From: Louisville CO US
Registered: Aug 2003

posted 04-26-2010 03:02 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for kyra   Click Here to Email kyra     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
From what I can tell all the Gemini flights only had one copy of each publication onboard with the exception of the Ascent/Insertion and Reentry Checklists which were a single ring bound 3" by 7" inch cardstock "cue cards" collection they kept in the spacesuit leg pockets.

The flight data file document configuration was never really standardized.

Each mission flew a single copy of the Flight Plan - the detailed timeline on 4 through 9 and a summary version on 11 and 12. They were 8" by 10.5"

There was also a Systems Book, a multi-tabbed standard procedures (i.e. PWRDN) and malfunction procedures checklist. 8" by 10.5"

Gemini 6 and 8 through 12 had a Rendezvous Book that contained about 50 pages of charts and tabulation pages. 8" by 10.5"

The EVA checklists were published in several formats from cue cards to a 5" by 8" book. The source of these were edited versions of of the Flight Plan (Section 2) which wasn't flown on the mission.

Gemini 5 and 7 flew a 5" by 8" Crew Log book but this was later flown as a tabbed section of the Procedures Book.

The Procedures Book contained procedures for all the special tests, Experiments, Water Gun Readings, Planned Landing Area Updates. It is synonymous in some cases with the "Experiments Book". They were generally 5" by 8". The source of these was also Section 2 of the ground copy of the flight plan.

Numerous loose cue cards were also flown, often for EVA and Agena activities.

The Flown Flight Plans for Gemini 3 (Spool-type), 9, and 11 were all sold at auctions in recent years.

  • Gemini 3 Ascent/Entry Cards
  • Gemini 4 EVA Checklist
  • Gemini 7 Crew Log
  • Gemini 10 Rendezvous Book
  • Gemini 11 Procedures Book
These have all sold at auctions in recent years. Unless these resurface at another auction, it is likely we will never see them again.

I have checked what is in the National Archives (NARA records group #255) and these are not the flown copies (or even copies of the flown copy). There are some "flight ready" backup copies of some material from Gemini 9 and 12.

I'm glad you brought this subject up, because there has been a mixture of apathy and/or fears that these would be duplicated to sell forgeries.

chet
Member

Posts: 1506
From: Beverly Hills, Calif.
Registered: Nov 2000

posted 04-27-2010 03:20 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for chet   Click Here to Email chet     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Thanks for that great and well-researched reply, Kyra (where did you get so much info?... I tried looking through the National Archives group #255 records, but still couldn't find much).

I didn't quite understand the concern you mentioned about forgeries of such documents however, since, unlike with forged autographed material, any fakes/copies of checklists or manuals wouldn't be worth much without accompanying paperwork to document originality/chain-of-ownership.

I do know of at least one instance of a Gemini flight carrying aboard 2 identical "Procedures" books, and thought it strange for that to be so, given the very limited space in the Gemini capsules. I was just curious whether that was actually unusual or a commonplace practice, and looking into the matter illuminated just how scant information there is regarding equipment carried aboard Gemini flights.

kyra
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Posts: 583
From: Louisville CO US
Registered: Aug 2003

posted 04-28-2010 03:12 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for kyra   Click Here to Email kyra     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
The flight you mention is likely an anomaly, but again they were not very standardized. They may have created a separate checklist for the procedures checklist for the commander and pilot - was this on Gemini 5? On that flight it looks like they were including systems procedures and experiment procedures in the same checklist or possibly flying it in a smaller format book.

The launch and reentry checklists were always duplicated.

I'm not sure if there is a "master parts list" in which one might find all the Gemini part numbers. If we could find that all flown documentation that I have ever seen has a part # CF550XX where the X's are the changing variable depending on the document.

OT, but along the same lines, another type of documentation that seems to be hidden away are the Gemini Math Flow the program code listings for the computer. It would make a lot of people happy if someone came forward with Math Flow 7. I'll bet it was classified Secret back in the 60's. When the name of someone who worked on the system is found it is always just initials "T.H. Jones". They wanted the IBM group to be pretty anonymous.

chet
Member

Posts: 1506
From: Beverly Hills, Calif.
Registered: Nov 2000

posted 04-28-2010 03:28 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for chet   Click Here to Email chet     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
The duplicate "Procedures" books were carried on Gemini 12. I don't know if this was a deliberate decision or not, but if so, if it was NASA's, or perhaps by Lovell or Aldrin individually. It just seemed strange to me to be carrying duplicates of the same book in such a confined space, but it made me wonder if this was an isolated practice or not.

kyra
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Posts: 583
From: Louisville CO US
Registered: Aug 2003

posted 04-29-2010 10:20 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for kyra   Click Here to Email kyra     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
The whole process of configuring the flight data file seemed to involve the crew even more so than on Apollo. Evidence for this can be seen on cue cards where procedures where the typed procedure references the other crew member by name "HAND CAMERA TO JOHN". The crews must have worked hand in hand with mission planners and procedures personnell much more closely than in later programs. For example, Jim Lovell could walk into the mission planners office and say "Joe I'd like an extra set of procedures, since we have a lot of experiments to accomplish on a short mission. And Buzz wants a serparate cue card for the Fuel cell monitoring, finding the systems book each time is inconvenient". The wish would be granted and the secretary would type them up. That was the spirit of Mercury and Gemini that Wally Schirra talked about - "The Open Door Policy".

space1
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Posts: 853
From: Danville, Ohio
Registered: Dec 2002

posted 04-29-2010 11:04 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for space1   Click Here to Email space1     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Very nice research, Kyra.

I finally located my Gemini 12 stowage list. It includes a purportedly comprehensive list of all Government Furnished Aerospace Equipment (GFAE) stowed in the spacecraft. I had thought that only one copy of any manual or checklist was carried on the Gemini flights. And at first glance it appears that multiple copies of manuals are listed. But see further remarks below.

Here are the documents listed by Quantity, Part Number, Title, and Package Number (location in the spacecraft):

2/CF 55019-20/Flight Booklet/
2/CF 55019-20/Flight Booklet/28
1 set/CF 55047-9/Flight Data Cards/27
5 sets/CF 55047-9/Flight Data Cards/
3/CF55069-1/Flight Data Book/27,28
/(CF55107-1/Systems Data Book) (Ref.)/

Package numbers 27 and 28 are left-hand and right-hand sidewall stowage pouches. The list offers no explanation for the empty or parenthetical entries. Perhaps these were not stowed but in their operational positions (attached to the panel or sidewall, for example). The referenced Systems Data Book may have been transferred to an astronaut's suit pouch. This would make sense for the stowage list document, which is meant to be a quality control checklist for the spacecraft installation crew.

The quantities shown would not necessarily indicate identical items. I have additional information indicating that the "CF55019 Flight Booklet" and "CF55069 Flight Data Book" define the booklet configurations. Their contents would be determined by Flight Planning. The "-20" simply indicates a Flight Booklet for Spacecraft 12. The "-1" of the Flight Data Book indicated its maximum thickness (0.75"). Different booklets would be distinguished by a letter suffix (A, B, C,...). The Flight Data Cards are similarly configured by CF55047 as a set, with "-9" indicating Gemini 12. Multiple sets would be marked A, B, C, etc.

Some of the Flight Booklets may have been configured as the rendezvous book and the flight plan. Others must have been carried by the astronauts in their suit pouches. So this list only tells part of the story.

------------------
John Fongheiser
President
Historic Space Systems, http://www.space1.com

chet
Member

Posts: 1506
From: Beverly Hills, Calif.
Registered: Nov 2000

posted 04-29-2010 04:46 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for chet   Click Here to Email chet     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Thanks again, John and Kyra, for sharing your detective work.

This isn't meant as a criticism at all, but the info provided seems to make clear that these questions would have to go into the "we'll never know for sure" category, since what info there is seems both confusing and incomplete, especially since it doesn't answer questions about other Gemini flights or even where such info might definitively be found. And after so many years have passed I doubt even asking those involved in the actual configuration planning would yield accurate information on the subject.

I guess what IS now known for sure at least is that there were duplicate documents on at least one flight, and it seems this was probably due to the astronauts' preferences more than dictated NASA procedure.

kyra
Member

Posts: 583
From: Louisville CO US
Registered: Aug 2003

posted 04-30-2010 05:05 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for kyra   Click Here to Email kyra     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Your quite welcome Chet. I believe you're right about knowing what was really on any given flight. The question is lost to history.

The part and serial number system seems geared toward the type of book or checklist, not the titles of the items. The only accurate title in the list is the "Systems Data Book". Some of the auction and museum items have a part number scrawled on them, and special use cue cards have no part numbers at all. A Rendezvous Book and Flight Plan have the same part number because they were the same type of book - 8" by 10.5".

All times are CT (US)

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