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  COLUMBIA STS-107 ... How could it happen ?

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Author Topic:   COLUMBIA STS-107 ... How could it happen ?
Philip
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posted 02-02-2003 04:37 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Philip   Click Here to Email Philip     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
It has been a bad weekend for manned spaceflight ... another very sad statistic !

Shuttle Program manager RON DITTEMORE was very emotional at the beginning of the Technical press-meeting ...
I don't want to speculate but I'm interested in Your opinion on the facts ...

Reflecting on the events, it looks like the incident during launch of Columbia may have played a major part in the accident ...
A piece of polyurethane foam insulation from the large External Tank might have hit the leading edge of the left wing of the orbiter Columbia. Ascent video shows part of the ET thermal foam hitting the shuttle and breaking apart ... It looks like this part came from the ET area near the forward attach point atop the liquid Hydrogen tank and Intertank ...
NASA engineers analysed the imagery and concluded damage to the orbiter couldn't be critical.
The crew was asked to make both video and still images of the External Tank when it separated from the orbiter 8 minutes in the flight ... this has been done on earlier missions ...
Following the Technical press-briefing I understood that these images didn't make it to engineers on Earth ( Am I correct on this ? ... as hours of onboard images were send down to Earth, it would astonish me that the ET video wasn't beamed down to NASA ) ...
The crew onboard the orbiter cannot see the complete wing-surface when looking out of the cockpit or cargo-bay windows ... From the cockpit the wings are too far in the back and from the aft viewing windows towards the cargo-bay the view is partly hidden by the open cargo-bay doors ...
If the CanadArm would have been onboard,a camera at its end could inspect the upper-side of the wings ... Checking underneath the wings would require another vehicle or space station to be in the vicinity or by conducting an EVA (spacewalk) ... On STS-107 the SpaceHab laboratory was carried in the orbiter's cargo-bay and I don't believe any EVA-suits were onboard and I don't know if the airlock with EVA adapter was positioned on the tunnel leading from the lower deck into the SpaceHab.
In the event of extensive damage to the orbiter thermal tiles, the crew couldn't repair this ... The only option would have been to send up a second orbiter and to bring the crew over from one shuttle to the other using the inflatable rescue balloon ( = Personal Rescue system, a 34-inch diameter sphere )which accomodates a single astronaut to be carried by a spacewalking crewmember from the rescuing vehicle ... With a crew of 7, at least 2 rescuing orbiters would have been send up to accomodate the minimum of 9 astronauts ( 2 on rescue-vehicle + 7 ).

The newly adapted telescopic arm which is connected onto the ceiling of the lower deck of the orbiter can only be used from an altitude of about 30 kilometers ... so the damage sustained during re-entry must allow a crew to sit and wait untill the orbiter reached that altitude in order to open the crew-hatch on the orbiter left-side, deploy the telescopic arm to which the parachute handle must be connected to bail out the crewmemeber clear of the orbiter's fuselage.

What do You think ?

Shuttlefan
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posted 02-02-2003 06:26 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Shuttlefan   Click Here to Email Shuttlefan     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Hi Philip,
quite interesting remarks, your knowledge of the technical details ist surely far beyond mine. So far I thought that they would have at least one EVA suit on board, so they would perhaps not have had the chance not for repair but for inspection, but now I see I am wrong.
So please help me with that: If the launch damage of the wing was crucial and if somebody from NASA would have judged this right, could they have reached a point near the ISS? and if so, could the astronauts from the ISS have helped them? How many EVA suits do they have on the ISS, three or more? Can you transport one to the shuttle and is it suitable for a person of average heght and weight? So what this have been a method of rescue, risky but possible, to transfer person by person to the ISS and then leaving Columbia to its fate but without the astronauts? This was an extended duration mission, how long could the survive staying in orbit waiting for a rescue orbiter?
Thanks for reply, even if my questions may be a little silly for the more experienced.

Philip
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posted 02-02-2003 07:03 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Philip   Click Here to Email Philip     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Hello shuttlefan ... Just a preliminary remark ... There're no silly question only silly answers ...
I'm trying to answer some of Your questions below;
Yes, the orbiter can reach the ISS, it would be a matter of navigation and orbiter OMS engines burns ( the Orbiter Maneuvering System has 2 large engines sitting just above the 3 Space Shuttle Main Engines ) OMS engines in the aft fuselage provide thrust for orbit insertion, orbit rendezvous and deorbit and provide 1000feet/second velocity change... reaching the ISS would then be a matter of many hours. However reaching ISS would only allow both crews to communicate and ISS crew could only visually inspect the orbiter. Columbia STS-107 had the cargo-bay occupied by the SpaceHab laboratory and thus they couldn't dock with the ISS as the tunnel leading from the lower deck into SpaceHab has no docking adapter for ISS ports.
The time for getting a rescue orbiter ready would depend on several parameters, one of course would be the point at which the other orbiters ( Atlantis or Endeavour ) are ready ... as You know each orbiter is thoroughly inspected in the Orbiter Processing Facility at KSC before it is mated to External Tank and Solid Rocket Boosters in the Vehicle Assembly Building.
Let's say NASA could send an orbiter up in about 1 week time if need be ...
The orbiter was already 16 days in space but orbiter were build to carry 30000 kilograms payload into space and stay in orbit for periods up to 30 days ( Provisions are onboard and water is a by-product of the fuel-cells ).
Each orbiter has 2 floors, the upper-floor is the Flight Deck with cockpit and aft-flight instrumentation used in rendez-vous and manipulations of cargo or spacewalking astronauts on the large CanadArm ( Remote Manipulator system is a 50-feet long arm ). The upper-floor can seat 4 astronauts ( Commander + Pilot and 2 Mission specialist seated behind the pilots ) and there is an openening in the floor for access to the Shuttle lower floor or Mid-Deck as it is referred to. The middeck has the sleeping quarters and the hatch through which the crew climbs into the space shuttle. The middeck can accomodate 3 astronauts and also has the acces to the orbiter airlock. Astronauts which are planned to perform EVA ( spacewalk ) enter the Airlock via the Middeck and open a hatch in the cargo-bay to leave the Shuttle. This airlock can accomodat 2 astronauts in full space suit.
The Personal Rescue System is an inflatable spere in which an astronaut sits down, closes the sphere with zippers and activates the oxygen and life support system of the sphere. This sphere is then put into the airlock and a Spacewalking astronaut from a second vehicle ( or space station ) opens the airlock from the outside and takes the sphere out. The astronaut in the sphere can communicate with the outside and can stay in the sphere for 60 minutes. These spheres were never used before and I'm not sure if each mission carries 1 or more onboard ...
If someone wants a scan or picture from the sphere let me know !

Ben Evans
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posted 02-02-2003 10:11 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Ben Evans   Click Here to Email Ben Evans     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
I'm just watching Sky News in stunned disbelief. The current favourite seems to be that there was an insulation failure during re-entry, perhaps even a failure of the heat-resistant tiles. I'm not too clear on the specifics, but as I understood it, by an altitude of 207,000 ft the Shuttle is through the worst of the atmospheric friction, so if it was going to burn up wouldn't it have already done so by then? I am also perplexed at how matter-of-fact the crew were in the last seconds: I think Rick Husband was in mid-sentence when communications were lost. Clearly they knew nothing of what was going on. If there had been a failure or burn-through of the heat-resistant tiles, wouldn't the crew have been able to detect it (or even physically feel it) as they re-entered?

Lots of questions, but not many answers.

Philip
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posted 02-02-2003 11:13 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Philip   Click Here to Email Philip     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
BEN, the crew of orbiter Columbia were given the go to de-orbit just 4 minutes prior to that maneuver ... De-orbit is initiated at approximately 60 minutes before landing and orbiter re-entry in Earth's atmosphere begins at 30 minutes before the actual touchdown at the runway ... Columbia broke up about 17 minutes before estimated landing time meaning it was at the top of the re-entry maneuver when speed and heat are still at maximum values ...
Did the crew notice anything ? The 4 crew-memebers on the Flight-deck are involved in the landing sequence with the orbiter engaged in terminal-area-energy management maneuver during which a number of large " S " turns are made to slow the speed from Mach 25 to 500 kilometers per hour for the landing ... The complete maneuver is automated with the pilots monitoring and supervising the data at their large computer displays. Astronauts at the lower deck don't participate in landing sequence ...
In my opinion things happened way too fast before they realized the vehicle broke up.

[This message has been edited by Philip (edited February 02, 2003).]

WAWalsh
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posted 02-02-2003 11:37 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for WAWalsh   Click Here to Email WAWalsh     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Philip, I actually do not believe that Columbia would have been able to reach the ISS. It had a substantially different angle of launch and I suspect that lack of sufficient fuel and rendezvous mechanics rpecluded such an effort. Further, unlikely the other orbiters, I am not sure if Columbia was ever refitted so that it could dock with the ISS.

Philip
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posted 02-02-2003 11:53 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Philip   Click Here to Email Philip     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Correct as I pointed out, reaching ISS might have been a (difficult) possibility but docking would have been impossible due to the lack of a docking adapter ... Visual inspection might have revealed heatshield damage but getting the crew out could only be done using the Personal Rescue System spheres ...
Does anyone know if highly detailed images can be made of the orbiter from Earth based telescopes ? Looks like an astronomer from California Institute of Technology (Caltech) noticed some debris going out of the plasma-bubble ... I guess the Earth's atmosphere obscurs the vehicle when 400 kilometers up in space ...

Danno
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posted 02-02-2003 01:40 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Danno     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Actually, the Columbia did have these modifications in 1999 and was manifested for an ISS flight: http://www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/release/1999/74-99.htm
However, it was in the wrong orbit during STS-107 and there wasn't enough fuel for the trip.
Take care - Danno

Philip
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posted 02-02-2003 03:06 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Philip   Click Here to Email Philip     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
The orbiter is sometimes called " a flying brick " ... Is this due to the difficult flying / handling of the glider during re-entry or is this because of the brickwall look of the vehicle having over 20000 tiles located on the airframe ?
I guess the latter applies ... but then it would be a flying brickwall ...

Robert Pearlman
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posted 02-02-2003 03:11 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Robert Pearlman   Click Here to Email Robert Pearlman     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
I've always heard that the nickname "flying brick" referred to the weight of the orbiter and the fact it has no engines on reentry. Its a glider, but given its weight, it essentially falls like a brick.

Philip
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posted 02-03-2003 03:17 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Philip   Click Here to Email Philip     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
This morning News-channels were focuzing on the fact that Columbia was the oldest orbiter for which the engineers had to search spare parts on the Internet ...
I'm only aware about IT-parts;

In 1981 NASA sent up the first space shuttle COLUMBIA, which used Intel 8086 processors for a host of diagnostic equipment. Almost quarter of a century later, these chips are still being used to make sure the shuttle's twin booster rockets are safe for blast-off, and NASA is finding it increasingly hard to replace any faulty chips.

In the future the space agency plans to create a new US$20 million dollar automated checking system, but in the meantime it has to rely on the old equipment--if something breaks it has to be replaced. Up until recently replacement chips have been found in old medical equipment that NASA buys in bulk, but even these reserves are running low now, and the Internet seems to be NASA's last resort.

It is not just the 8086 chips that are required; old circuit boards, 8-inch floppy drives, and a plethora of obsolescent parts are putting a strain on scheduled testing. Auction sites such as eBay and Yahoo! sell just about everything and have been used by NASA for some of the more hard-to-find items. This search can only get harder however, especially with the current space shuttles scheduled to be in service until at least 2010 (and maybe even 2020).

Ben Evans
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posted 02-03-2003 07:21 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Ben Evans   Click Here to Email Ben Evans     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
There's been lots of speculation that Columbia was the oldest orbiter and the media seem to think that this 'must' have been the root cause. Perhaps, but you've got to remember that Columbia had just come out of a lengthy overhaul, which included major structural inspections and the new MEDS glass cockpit. It was a lot different on its final flight from the vehicle that launched on STS-1 more than 20 years ago.

I think after talking for 17 years about "The Challenger Disaster", it doesn't seem quite right to start talking about "The Columbia Disaster". I still can't believe it's happened again. Just goes to show that all the emergency bail-out procedures, the poles, the partial-pressure suits etc that were brought in after 51L were good for nothing on this mission. Spaceflight will never be routine and holds an inherent risk. It can never be totally safe.

Philip
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posted 02-03-2003 08:58 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Philip   Click Here to Email Philip     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Right Robert ...
The primary payload onboard STS-107 was the new SpaceHab Research Double Module (RDM), which doubled the volume for research facilities onboard, much larger and more complex than the one on STS-95 ...
Sure Ben ...
I totally agree, Manned Spaceflight will never become routine !

This Monday CNN showed NASA footage of the ascent of STS-107 which clearly show the foam insulation from the external tank falling onto the wing and breaking into a puff of smoke ...

tegwilym
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posted 02-03-2003 01:01 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for tegwilym   Click Here to Email tegwilym     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Being a collector and life-long "space geek" obviously I'm pretty upset about the recent events. I try to follow the shuttle missions as closely as I can and still find the missions totally facinating even after 20+ years. Obviously, the news media doesn't care one bit about the shuttle anymore - unless there is a disaster.

Maybe I've just been watching CNN to much this weekend and need to turn off the TV and get out for a while. It just seems that suddenly the general public is all upset about this disaster, but as far as I know, the average person didn't even know the shuttle was flying this week. Most people don't even know there is a permanent crew up on the ISS. Maybe I've just seen too much video from the Houston area where obviously the people living there are well aware of the events since it's one of the largest employer's in that area. If something big happened to Microsoft or Boeing here in the Seattle area, it would affect a lot of people here more than in other parts of the country.
I know that when I talk to my co-workers or friends, they are totally clueless about what is going on with the space program or ISS. I've taken friends outside after sunset and pointed out the ISS/Shuttle flying over our heads. They usually respond with "no, that's just an airplane" or "you can't see the space shuttle it way out in space!"

I guess the point I'm trying to make is that it seems that nobody has any interest in the space program until something bad happens. Then everyone is suddenly a big space enthusiast and becomes an "expert" on the subject.

Just something I've had on my mind this weekend.....

Tom http://www.geocities.com/tegwilym2/collection

RMH
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posted 02-04-2003 11:30 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for RMH   Click Here to Email RMH     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Just to follow what Tom (above) posted. I couldn't stand to watch more than one hour of cnn saturday and had to switch to msnbc. This was cnn at its worst.

Over all I have been pleased at the news coverage and the positive light that has been given to the program. This crew and mission was a great representation of what space flight should be. It was an international crew of men and women of different color doing great research for the betterment of mankind. I can recall the slander of nasa after 51-L about letting civilians go into space and the questions of the importance of spaceflight when robots were cheaper and safer.

This tragedy has unfortunatly brought out the ignorance of our fellow neighbors about space. I spoke with one lady who did not realize that the shuttles were reused. Hopefully with more people aware of the program they will become more knowledgeable and more supportive of nasa's efforts.

I was deeply saddened by saturdays events and can only think of how tragic it must be for the astronauts familys.

tegwilym
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posted 02-04-2003 12:29 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for tegwilym   Click Here to Email tegwilym     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
The only reason I have been watching CNN is because they have had almost continuous coverage. Then MSNBC has been covering it pretty well too (at least if you can look past the bonehead comments).

I do like how NASA has been very open about everything they have found out so far about this one. I guess when Challenger blew up they had a lot more bad management to hide from the public. I think this accident was just an unfortunate occurance rather than something that will end up pointing blame on someone. Even if they did know about the damage, there wasn't much that could be done (at least from what I have heard). Maybe there was something, but I'm no expert and won't come up with silly ideas - to go the sci.space.shuttle newsgroup for that stuff!

Tom http://www.geocities.com/tegwilym2/collection

NC Apollo Fan
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posted 02-04-2003 01:43 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for NC Apollo Fan   Click Here to Email NC Apollo Fan     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
I was a bit upset by CNN this past weekend.

I was in Florida and attended the wonderful reception for Col. Worden this past Friday evening. I had never seen a shuttle landing before - or a launch, for that matter - and decided to drive over to the Cape. We were at KSC waiting for Columbia when it broke apart over Texas.

At any rate, my father and I were approached throughout the day by six news crews asking for an interview. I declined all of them, though my father spoke with one of the crews. They were all very polite and respected the fact that I did not want to speak with them.

Then, on Sunday morning we made our way back over to the Astronaut Memorial. I really do think that camera crews numbered 1:1 with those who were there to pay their respects or give prayers to the STS-107 crew. I saw that they had a book placed on a table where you could write out your thoughts or prayers for the families, and I went over to leave a message. Seconds after I picked up the pen and began writing a news crew (I later saw that it was CNN) went "live" right next to me. The reporter talked about the book and I could see that the camera was on me. The reporter even read a few lines from the book to the camera as I was writing in it.

I considered this to be in very bad taste and did not once look up or acknowledge the reporter. He was not in the least bit concerned for my privacy, the privacy of those who had just written in the book, or the privacy of the astronaut families who might one day read what others have written to them. And for all he knew I might have been someone close to one of the astronauts.

That episode left a bad taste in my mouth for CNN.

Jonathan

Philip
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posted 02-04-2003 02:25 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Philip   Click Here to Email Philip     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Hello again,
Today News-channels here in Europe are showing an interview with STS-107 crewmemebers taken during the mission ... It shows a ( white or light-coloured ) part of the wing which has a serious bump in it ...
Also lots of Analyses by showing computer-images both of the launch and the re-entry ... Does anyone know if these computer-images are available on-line ?

Robert Pearlman
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posted 02-04-2003 02:44 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Robert Pearlman   Click Here to Email Robert Pearlman     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
If its the same footage being shown by Israeli media, than that's not part of the wing.

Its believed to be part of the rear bulkhead of the payload bay.

Philip
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posted 02-05-2003 01:26 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Philip   Click Here to Email Philip     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Correct ROBERT ... I was already thinking where that part-shape and colour was on an orbiter wing ?

The heroes of COLUMBIA STS-107 are on the cover of BIS Spaceflight magazine;
http://www.bis-spaceflight.com/publicA.htm

[This message has been edited by Philip (edited February 05, 2003).]

ALAIN
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posted 02-06-2003 01:55 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for ALAIN     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Nice though sad topic ...
Unbelievable event with Columbia !
Haven't been around for a while on CollectSpace but whenever I come back I'm convinced is the one & onely site on Spaceflight to check ...

Jacqueline
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posted 02-06-2003 05:33 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Jacqueline   Click Here to Email Jacqueline     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Well here is Wales the coverage has been a bit sparse. On the day it happened we had to wait until the news came on to see the coverage.

So thank you Phillip for all your comments, you are helping keeping me up todate with what has happened.

Jacqueline

Philip
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posted 02-07-2003 02:08 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Philip   Click Here to Email Philip     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Any news on the recovery of the 7 astronauts ? European newschannels mentioned that only Ilan RAMON was identified ...

Cliff Lentz
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posted 02-07-2003 08:58 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Cliff Lentz   Click Here to Email Cliff Lentz     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Phillip,
Last I heard they have body parts from four astronauts, but Ilan was the first to be indentified. Have you heard any talk about the orbiter being struck by space junk or a meteorite. That's the current rumor I hear in the streets in Philadelphia today.

Philip
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posted 02-07-2003 11:45 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Philip   Click Here to Email Philip     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Sure Cliff ... Newschannels mention it might be a combination of 1. The foam from the ET that hit the wing at launch + 2. Direct hit by space debris + 3. Software over-correction ...
The very latest is that US Air Force High Resolution telescopes noticed damage on the leading edge of the left wing of Columbia ...
http://www.spaceflightnow.com/shuttle/sts107/030207avweek/


tegwilym
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posted 02-07-2003 01:04 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for tegwilym   Click Here to Email tegwilym     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Has anyone found any photos from that yet?

Larry
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posted 02-07-2003 05:48 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Larry   Click Here to Email Larry     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
I saw a video on one of the national news channels last night (Feb 6 ) that I think they said was taken in California or Nevada (it was still dark) in the video, you see the shuttle as a point of light, then there is a bright flash & you see a part seperate & start creating it's own trail behind the shuttle & you hear the guy in the video say something about "thats wierd something just came off"
I'm starting to think they hit something.
nothing else makes sense, if the flash was a pyrotechnics that is aboard you think that would of triggered a sensor at mission control

[This message has been edited by Larry (edited February 07, 2003).]

Rizz
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posted 02-07-2003 06:09 PM     Click Here to See the Profile for Rizz     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Rich Garcia, a spokesman for the Directed Energy Directorate of the Air Force Research Laboratory at Kirtland Air Force Base, said high-resolution images were taken by military cameras in Hawaii and New Mexico.

More information will be available soon.

Philip
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posted 02-17-2003 06:12 AM     Click Here to See the Profile for Philip   Click Here to Email Philip     Edit/Delete Message   Reply w/Quote
Rescue scenarios;
http://www.cnn.com/2003/US/02/06/shuttle.rescue.ap/

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